Currently, less than 33% of arable land is used in Meshchovskoye Opolye. Optimizing technology elements of resource-saving development of synanthropic fallow phytocenoses with complex invasion is relevant. The article is devoted to analysis of development of self-organizing phytocenoses with varying invasion degrees and their use on lands temporarily withdrawn from active agricultural use. Field experiments were carried out on postagrogenic gray forest loamy soils in Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture in 2006-2018. Influence of mineral fertilizers as an optimization element of technology of fallow development was studied using transects and permanent survey sites on the area of 12.0 ha. The reasons for change in productivity and its determining elements in hayfields in autogenous - allogenic phytocenoses were analysed. We established that economic value of plant communities was determined by potential of constituent species and variability of their productivity in years with various environmental conditions. 12 years later phytocenoses become homogeneous and consist of 10-12 main plant species, determining green mass productivity by 75%. Compared to native species invasive plant species have 1.4-2.0 fold higher productivity which accounts for 60% and more productivity of phytocenoses. Transforming role of Erigeron canadensis L., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and Solidago gigantea Ait. on their expansion into aboriginal herb (share in mowed mass - 40% or more) communities was shown; their high adaptive potential for ecological-soil conditions of Meshchovskoye Opolye (center of Nonchernozem Zone of Russia) was established. Application of mineral fertilizers (P40K90) in the secondary Trifolium medium phytocenoses (more than 40%) contributed to 2.4-fold increase in its productivity (from 1.38 to 3.29 kg/m2) and increased productivity stability by 60%, reducing low-value species in crop structure by 1.6 times. The total area of cenopopulations increased by 10.4-21.5%, yields - from 2.31 to 4.41 kg/m2.

Intensification of agricultural production provides the development and introduction of new, progressive, and cost-effective practices, including plant growth regulators. The effect of various growth regulators on the productivity of fodder beet of the Eckendorf yellow variety type was studied in the conditions of the Central-Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation in an experimental field in the Kaluga branch of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in the period from 2019 to 2021. The studies found that the level of productivity of fodder beet under the action of various growth regulators relative to the control variant significantly increases during pre-sowing seed treatment on 5–10,9% and when using phytoregulators by vegetation on 4,8–11,5%. The most significant increase in productivity and the yield of absolutely dry substances of root crops were noted in an intensive version of the technology using growth regulators Biodux and Zircon. The yield range for three years with these regulators was in the range of 560–561 c/ha, the yield of ACB was 72,5–72,8 c/ha during seed etching, and 559–564 c/ha and the yield of ACB72,5–73,1 c/ha during foliar treatments. In general, the percentage increase in the content of absolutely dry matter of fodder beetroots relative to the control variant with the use of growth regulators was 0,24–0,25%, the increase in the yield of feed units for variants with pre-sowing use of growth regulators was 3–6,6 c/ha or 4,9–10,9%, with foliar application – 2,8–7 c/ha or 4,6–11,5%. Thus, the research work for 2019–2021 proved the effectiveness of modern growth regulators in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation.

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In the conditions placor soil Meshchovskiy Opole the Central economic region of the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation on agro-gray forest middle loamy soils defined by the main species composition of segetal complex field agrophytocenoses in the structure of five fields grain and grain-grass crop rotation in the limit of syntaxon Stellarietea mediae R. Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951. The combinations of weed and field species specific to field crops are established and the influence of minimization of basic tillage is shown, including No-till, and applying calculated norms of mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the dynamics of the species composition and number of the main components of the segetal complex is shown. The original synanthropic plant communities on the fallow lands of Meshchovsky Opole develop from the segetal complex of previous agrophytocenoses. The core of the cenoflora is represented by 104 species of higher herbage plants from 29 families. Synanthropic communities have a low species saturation – 8 species per 100 m2 and a projection coverage of 57.6%. In acesite territories the advantage is given to the types of anemochory edificatory. Phytomass of secondary phytocenoses without comprehensive measures to improve their floristic composition cannot be used for bulk feed production