The Questions of study "genotype-environmental” interaction are occupy a central place in the development of the theory of Adaptive selection, because such relationship varied and complex as the nature and degree of the manifestation. The selection of the same promising accessions in the realization of their productive properties aimed at the selection of genotypes, for whom the impact of this interaction is minimal. For example, the creation of winter wheat varieties CASAR and Kalach 60 proved that the screening efficiency is dictated by choosing selective background and combination of natural condition, contributing to the assessment of "genotype-environmental” components along the environmental vector created the system of multilokacionnyh tests. Cluster analysis of the 30 varieties of winter wheat yield allowed to group them by the nature of the productive properties realization and to distinguish two groups with high indicators. Kalach 60 with an average yield of 10516.05 pounds per hectare was integrated into the Pearl of the Volga region group. KASAR, with the yield of 9854,66 pounds per hectare, formed its own cluster group, which included selection lines L 52-98, as well as L 40-01 and L 41-01. Significant differences of the varieties were in variability of productive properties, depending on the emerging conditions. The first cluster group varieties are characterized by the more restrained variation in yield than KASAR. A detailed analysis was revealed that the latter varieties significantly reduced the indices in more severe growing conditions, exceeding the first in the years favorable for the moistening regime. In light of this decision on biometric methods used to identify differences on the fenotipicheskom level, the task falls to dissect a quantitative manifestation of biological concepts and increase its informative about the nature adaptation of new varieties on the multidimensionality of the factor. The article gives a detailed description of new winter wheat varieties according to the results of the studies.

Providing the brewing industry with locally produced raw materials is important both from an economic point of view and in terms of import substitution. Breeders create brewing barley varieties with a reduced protein content, however, in production they often use universal varieties that combine high yields with an average protein content of 11–12%. For such varieties, it is necessary to develop technological methods for obtaining a crop with specified properties, depending on the purposes of using the products. The quality indicators of barley grain and the efficiency of its production are significantly influenced by mineral fertilizers and the minimization of soil cultivation. In this regard, the authors studied the effect of minimal tillage on the yield and grain quality of spring barley of the Vladimir variety at two levels of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers 26 and with full supply oif mineral fertilizer – N35P40K135) in a two-factor field experiment carried out in 2018–2019 on the medium-loamy light gray forest soil. The experiment helped determine the yield and structure of the crop, the content of protein, starch, and grain hoodness (hull content). It was found that the lack of precipitation during the barley tillering – heading period leads to a decrease in grain yield by 40.0–54.8% as compared with the conditions of increased moisturizing. At the same time, there was an increase in the grain protein content by 1.4–1.7% and the grain filminess by 0.5–0.9%. The use of moderate rates of complete mineral fertilizer (N35P40K85) led to an increase in the barley yield by an average of 13.2% and the grain protein content by an average of 0.2%. On the other hand, it led to a decrease in the grain filminess by 0.2% and starch content by 0.4–0.6%. The positive effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the increase in protein content in barley grain was higher under minimal tillage. Under minimal tillage, regardless of the level of moisture supply and mineral nutrition, there was a tendency towards a decrease in the barley yield by an average of 3.9%, mainly due to a decrease in the density of the productive stalk. There was also a tendency towards a decrease in the protein content in the barley grain – by 0.3% – when no complete mineral fertilizer was used.

The article is devoted to solution priority scientific production task – effectiveness formation of perennial legumes and cereal grasses during the development of mixed-age deposits depending on the phytocenotic characteristics of secondary phytocenoses developed on them. Studies were conducted in 2006-2018 on postagrogenic gray forest medium loamy soils in field experience. In Kaluga Agricultural Research Institute was studied evolution of secondary phytocenoses to develop alternative technologies for the accelerated development of fallow lands. In the central part of the slope area of more than 12.0 hectares for study of auto- and allogenic series were laid two parallel transects 50 m apart from each other, with 10 permanent platforms (250 m2) fixed on each of them every 100 m. Nearby was located a plot of 1.0 hectare for studying fallow lands in order to develop under sown meadow phytocenosis. The groupings of aboriginal and invasive species within their borders at the area not less than 10 m2 in 50 fold replications were studied. In the article was given analysis of the causes of changes in productivity and its determining elements, floristic composition, the prevalence of groupings, species richness, invasion degree, dominants changing, grass stand stratigraphy when haymaking use in the series: autogenous – allogeneic – agrogenic phytocenoses. The influence of the expansion of invasive plant species with adaptive potential to the ecological and soil conditions of the Meshchovskoe Opolie of the Center of the Nonchernozem Zone of the Russian Federation is shown, to replace the native plant communities.

Currently, less than 33% of arable land is used in Meshchovskoye Opolye. Optimizing technology elements of resource-saving development of synanthropic fallow phytocenoses with complex invasion is relevant. The article is devoted to analysis of development of self-organizing phytocenoses with varying invasion degrees and their use on lands temporarily withdrawn from active agricultural use. Field experiments were carried out on postagrogenic gray forest loamy soils in Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture in 2006-2018. Influence of mineral fertilizers as an optimization element of technology of fallow development was studied using transects and permanent survey sites on the area of 12.0 ha. The reasons for change in productivity and its determining elements in hayfields in autogenous - allogenic phytocenoses were analysed. We established that economic value of plant communities was determined by potential of constituent species and variability of their productivity in years with various environmental conditions. 12 years later phytocenoses become homogeneous and consist of 10-12 main plant species, determining green mass productivity by 75%. Compared to native species invasive plant species have 1.4-2.0 fold higher productivity which accounts for 60% and more productivity of phytocenoses. Transforming role of Erigeron canadensis L., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and Solidago gigantea Ait. on their expansion into aboriginal herb (share in mowed mass - 40% or more) communities was shown; their high adaptive potential for ecological-soil conditions of Meshchovskoye Opolye (center of Nonchernozem Zone of Russia) was established. Application of mineral fertilizers (P40K90) in the secondary Trifolium medium phytocenoses (more than 40%) contributed to 2.4-fold increase in its productivity (from 1.38 to 3.29 kg/m2) and increased productivity stability by 60%, reducing low-value species in crop structure by 1.6 times. The total area of cenopopulations increased by 10.4-21.5%, yields - from 2.31 to 4.41 kg/m2.

Abstract. The goal is to study the influence of the predecessor and fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on a gray forest medium loamy soil. Field experience, observations, accounting and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of B.A. Dospekhov. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 with a 95 % significance level of the results. Results. As a result of the studies, it was noted that the studied predecessors had an insignificant effect on the development of winter wheat plants in the initial phases of growth. The density of winter wheat plants during the germination period varied within the range of 314–323 psc/m2 without the use of fertilizers and 317–328 psc/m2 against the background of their application. Further growth and development of plants took place in close relationship with the studied factors. At the end of the growing season, the number of productive stems was higher on the plots, where the clover of the first year of use was used as a predecessor, both in the control (without fertilizers) and when applying mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, the yield of winter wheat grain was higher for this predecessor, averaging 35.7 c/ha for 2014–2019. Without fertilization, depending on the predecessor, 25.2–32.8 c/ha were obtained, against the background of fertilization – 34.2–39.6 c/ha of winter wheat grain. On average, over the years of research, winter wheat grain contained 10.7–14.0 % protein. Depending on the year, this indicator varied from 8.8 % to 16.8 %. At the same time, the lowest values for the protein content were obtained for the variants without the use of fertilizers. In general, the content of protein and gluten in winter wheat grain largely depended on the application of mineral fertilizers and to a small extent on the predecessor. The weight of 1000 grains, depending on these factors, changed insignificantly.