Treatment with HdCL reduced oxidative damage and modulated the expressions of CD4, CD8, FoxP3and HSP-60 in S180 solid tumor model, which can be associated to the presence of triterpenes, such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin and lupeol cinnamate. Present data emphasizes the importance of immune system in cancer and highlights the evaluation of the pharmacological properties of plants used by population as phytoterapics.

Background: Cancer is a complex process that receive many influences of the tumor microenvironment. The participation of immune system cells and proteins in tumor microenvironment is not yet completely understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the infiltrate cellular, subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and HSP60 of canine mammary carcinoma in mixed tumor (CMCMT). Materials, Methods & Results:Female dogs (n = 20) were selected after Canine mammary tumor (CMT) diagnosis and data were achieved throughout clinical-pathological information. Clinical staging was evaluated and tumor biopsies were processed by histology and cellular infiltrate was performed according criteria and grade. Survival curve were generated by Kaplan-Meier and the lymphocytic infiltrate were compared by Log-Rank followed Chi-Square χ². For immunolabeling it was used anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-FoxP3 and HSP60 monoclonal antibodies and were attributed scores from 0 to 3. Clinical-pathological relationship was analyzed using Spearman correlation. This study was approved by the Committee for Ethics in Research using Animals (CEUA-UECE), protocol 12247080-2. Our data showed a mean age of 9.3 years-old, the size of tumors presented more than 5 cm (50%), which were located in inguinal mammary glands (70%), and CMTs shows I (70%) and II (30%) grade. The cellular infiltrate was distributed both in peri and intratumoral regions, dispersed multifocally with moderate intensity and lymphocytes were the major populations found into tumors (n = 826 ± 220). In relationship to cellular infiltrate with CMT grade it was observed that lymphocytes (ρ = 0.28) and plasma cells (ρ = 0.22) showed a slight positive correlation, and an opposed negative correlation of neutrophils (ρ = -0.1) and macrophages (ρ = -0.38). CMT presents moderate lymphocytic infiltrate (< 800 lymphocytes), shows higher (P = 0.01) survival rates as compared to intense lymphocytic infiltrate (≥ 800 lymphocytes). FoxP3+ showed lower intensity while CD4+ and CD8+ expression were concentrated surrounding of lymphocytic infiltrate tumor region. HSP60+ was observed in the inflammatory and tumor cells. Discussion: Our data are according to a greater risk to the development of breast tumor in old bitches, not castrated and before or after puberty, as well as the use of contraceptives based on progesterone and estrogen. In relation to size of tumor, these findings reinforce that there is a relationship of tumor size with a higher malignancy grade and with a worse prognosis. The predominant tumor location was in the inguinal breasts that is attributed to the high activity of the mammary glands to hormonal stimuli. CMT with low clinical staging are associated with greater overall survival of affected bitches. In relation to tumor microenvironment, it has been reported that heterogeneous populations of the immune system cells often infiltrate the mammary tumors, whose lymphocytes are the main cells. It is suggested that tumor lymphocytosis may be necessary for malignant behavior of the tumo...

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is a well-established risk factor and may cause injuries to genomic integrity through an inefficient DNA repair. This study aimed to examine the influence of polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes using markers for microsatellite instability (MSI). Polymorphisms of DNA repair enzymes were detected by PCR-RFLP and MSI, by high resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Helicobacter pylori detection and genotyping were accomplished by PCR. MSI was observed in 47.5% of the cases and it was associated with the ERCC1 polymorphic allele, whereas MSI-H was associated with the XRCC3 heterozygous genotype. MSI was more frequent in intestinal gastric cancer (IGC), where it was associated with ERCC1 or RAD51 polymorphic alleles. Also, MSI-H was associated with the XRCC3 heterozygous. In diffuse gastric cancer (DGC), almost all of MGMT polymorphic genotype carriers showed MSI. Helicobacter pylori was positive in 94% of the cases and the most virulent strains were associated with MSI, mainly MSI-H. When the subtypes were considered, these associations were found only in the IGC and associated with more virulent strains. Among the cases with microsatellite instability, IGC showed a correlation between the XPD wild-type and the ERCC1 polymorphic allele, and all of them were infected by the most virulent strains. On the other hand, in DGC, the XPD polymorphic allele was correlated with the XRCC3 wild-type with no prevalence of H.pylori virulence. Our data demonstrated that polymorphisms in repair enzymes can interfere with the efficiency of the repair process, but it differs depending on the histological subtype and H.pylori involvement. Besides nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair and mismatch repair pathway, the homologous recombination are also involved.

Currently, authorities and specialists in child development and public health have been concerned with the growth and nutritional status of children, especially due to the uncontrollable increase in overweight / obesity that has occurred in recent years. Obesity causes organic-functional complications, such as chronic-degenerative diseases (diabetes, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease), and psychosocial complications, such as withdrawal from social relationships, shame, exclusion and disturbances in body awareness. The objective was to identify in the literature the parents' knowledge about complementary feeding for infants. Integrative literature review based on the guidelines recommended by PRISMA. The search was carried out between the months of May and June 2017 by two researchers independently in the Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, LILACS and CINAHL databases. The following descriptors were used: “infant”, “complementary feeding”, “parents” and “knowledge” and “infant”, “complementary feeding”, “relatives” and “knowledge” in the DECs and MESH respectively. 1,012 studies were identified and a sample of 06 articles was obtained after applying the eligibility criteria. The knowledge evidenced was: use of appropriate utensils for feeding the child, not using cow's milk, caution with processed foods, issues related to breastfeeding and age of introduction of food and other liquids. Even so, there were still mistakes by parents regarding the recommendations of the main bodies dealing with food, such as the use of processed foods from the fourth month of life of the child and the relationship of the “fat” baby being the health model. It was concluded that the knowledge of parents / caregivers about complementary feeding is still permeated by mistakes. Thus, the nursing consultation should focus on health education and search for strategies that facilitate the process of introducing complementary feeding and help parents in this period. Key messages Targeting health strategies on complementary feeding in a timely manner. Guidance for the prevention of obesity in early childhood and the development of non-infectious diseases.

Changes in sleep behavior are considered a public health problem, since they interfere with the health of the individual, especially in early childhood, and can impair growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge about children's sleep in parents of children aged 0 to 24 months. Quasi-experimental study, of the type before and after, with a single group, developed in a pediatric outpatient clinic in northeastern Brazil. Convenience sample of 60 parents of children discharged from the neonatal unit, who represent preliminary data from a larger study. Data collected between November / 2019 and January / 2020, using the CAP survey (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice). A child sleep instrument was used in the pre-test (first time with the parents) and post-test (15 days after the first application). After the pre-test, the parents read an educational booklet containing the information to which they were asked. The knowledge about sleep was assessed including, time, place and sleeping clothes, position in the crib, prevention of sudden infant death syndrome and total sleep time. Scores ≤ 3 represented inadequate knowledge; 4-7 adequate knowledge. Only 5 parents had inadequate knowledge in the pre-test. In the post-test, everyone demonstrated adequate knowledge. The average of points in the pre-test was 4.3, median of 4. In the post-test, the average of points (6.15), median (6). In the pre-test, less correct questions were total sleep time, adequate sleeping position, with 12 and 20 errors, respectively. After the application of the booklet, the question regarding the total sleep time remained with an equal number of errors, however only 7 parents were wrong about the position of the child at the time of sleep. It is concluded that there is a need for guidance to parents on sleep, and it is pertinent to evaluate their previous knowledge, contributing to the strengthening of public policies aimed at children's sleep. Key messages Parents should receive guidance on infant sleep hygiene. Strengthening the promotion of children's sleep by health professionals.