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The article considers the possible consequences of flooding for the ecological state of territories, sets the tasks of risk assessment and prevention of damage from dangerous hydrological processes. The authors discuss possible ecological consequences caused by flooding for ecosystems and built-up areas and suggest methods for risk assessment and risk management in flooded areas. Natural and anthropogenic factors of floods and issues of predictability of hazardous hydrological processes are also considered. The article shows that the risk of a disaster, the initiating factor of which is a flood, occurs when hydro-meteorological, geological and other hazards interact with vulnerability factors of a physical, social, economic and environmental nature. It is proposed to take an extreme hydrological event of low probability as a scenario of a catastrophic event, for example, the historical extreme of the maximum water flow. As an example, we consider the decisions taken to prevent flooding in built-up areas on the example of the Kuban river basin of the Krasnodar territory.
Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that it is necessary to study the characteristics of male and female managers in order to develop ways to form general professional personality traits, as well as to compile programs for improving the skills of managers. The process of developing personal and professional qualities is especially important for a leader in the education system, as it affects the effectiveness of management in education. At the same time, the personal and professionally significant features of male and female managers from educational institutions have not been studied enough. Materials and methods. The experimental study was conducted on the basis of the Republican Center for Extracurricular Work (Russia, Kazan). Principals and head teachers of secondary schools, as well as methodologists and inspectors of the district departments of education of the Republic of Tatarstan of the Russian Federation took part in the experiment. A sample of 120 male and female principals were studied (30 persons in each group). The subjects ranged in age from 35 to 65 years old. The work experience was not less than 3 years. The components of self-attitude and professionally important personal qualities of male and female managers were evaluated. Gender differences were determined. Methods of mathematical statistics: Student's t-test and Pearson's χ2 agreement test. The results of the study. A comparative analysis of the data showed that female heads of educational institutions have high values of self-confidence (Хave=7.4) and self-leadership (Хave=8.6). Male managers have high values of self-confidence (Xave=7.2), self-leadership (Xave=8.3) and reflection of self-attitude (Xave=8.3). Female leaders are less diplomatic, collected, with a high super-ego, they have high intelligence, strength of I. Male leaders are less practical and conformal than female leaders. Conformity and practicality distinguish female managers from managers of the opposite sex (at p<0.05). Conclusion. The materials of the article are of practical value for the heads of general educational institutions. The results obtained will enrich the theoretical material on the problem of professionally important qualities of female and male leaders in general. At the same time, the results of this study can help improve the quality of retraining of managers in the system of professional development. They will help the selection, recruitment, and placement of personnel. Keywords: education, manager, management
The article presents proposals on the use of the risk index method to determine the sustainability of cultural heritage sites. This INFORM method is based on the assessment of the three risk components by measuring the relevant indicators in each of three directions: the degree of danger; level of vulnerability; counteraction (overcoming) potential. The method includes about 50 different indicators for measuring hazards and impact on them, vulnerability indicators and determining the necessary resources for stopping hazards. The integral risk index is formed as the geometric mean of the component indices: danger, vulnerability and lack of counteraction potential. The application of the INFORM method for the development and adoption of managerial decisions to increase the sustainability and security of cultural and historical heritage sites makes it possible to assess risk, and in the future, planning measures for the restoration and maintenance of cultural heritage sites.
Цель. Взяточничество является одним из опасных коррупционных преступлений, представляющих угрозу нацио-нальной безопасности государства, тем более, когда такого рода преступления преобладают в сфере здравоохране-ния. Необходимо определить круг лиц, которые могут являться должностными лицами, выполняющими организацион-но-распорядительные и административно-хозяйственные функции для правильной квалификации должностных пре-ступлений. Следует отграничивать предмет взятки от подарка. Методология: диалектика, анализ, синтез, дедукция, формально-юридический метод, статистический метод, метод межотраслевых юридических исследований. Выводы. Во-первых, дано определение взятки, которая традиционно понимается как имущественная выгода, которую получа-ет должностное лицо (взяткополучатель) за совершение (или несовершение) каких-либо действий в интересах взятко-дателя, также определен предмет взятки. Сформулирован определенный перечень действий, за совершение которых взятка в системе здравоохранения передается или получается наиболее часто. Во-вторых, не всякий сотрудник госу-дарственной или муниципальной системы охраны здоровья может являться субъектом преступления, предусмотренно-го ст. 290 УК РФ -«Получение взятки», а лицо наделенное административно-хозяйственными и (или) организацион-но-распорядительными функциями. В-третьих, дано понятие коррупционного деликта, которое выражается в незакон-ном получении государственными либо муниципальными служащими или работниками образовательных, медицинских и иных организаций каких-либо выгод в связи с реализацией ими должностных или служебных полномочий. Выделе-ны критерии, позволяющие отграничить преступление в виде получения взятки от непреступных действий в виде получе-ния подарка в знак благодарности. Научная и практическая значимость. Проведенное исследование позволяет ре-шить некоторые проблемы, возникающие при квалификации преступлений, совершаемых в сфере здравоохранения. В частности, позволяет отграничить должностные преступления от непреступных действий медицинских работников и, как следствие, отграничить взятку от подарка, преподнесенного медицинскому работнику в знак благодарности. На примере данных противоправных действий показано взаимодействие различных отраслей права, позволяющих более эффективно рассмотреть проблему взяточничества в сфере здравоохранения.Ключевые слова: взяточничество, коррупционный деликт, должностное лицо, лицо, выполняющее профессиональные функции в сфере здравоохранения, предмет взятки, подарок. Bribery in Healthcare Sphere and Corruption DelictsChurlyaeva I.V., Muravyeva E.V.*** Purpose. Bribery is one of the dangerous corruption-related crimes that threaten the national security of the state, especially when such crimes are overrepresented in the health sector. You need to defi ne the circle of persons who may be offi cials performing organizational and administrative functions for correct qualifi cation of crimes. Should be distinguished the bribe subject of the gift. Methods: dialectic, analysis, synthesis, deduction, legalistic method, statist...
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