Jansen-de Vries syndrome is a rare hereditary autosomal dominant disease caused by pathogenic variants in the PPM1D gene. To date, 18 cases of this syndrome have been described in the world. In all cases, heterozygous mutations were identified that arose de novo in the last or penultimate exons of the gene, leading to protein truncation. All observed patients had muscle hypotonia, delayed motor and speech development, intellectual and behavioral disorders, an increased pain threshold, and a peculiar phenotype. Objective of the research: to reveal clinical genetic signs of new cases of a rare syndromic form and to identify additional clinical and laboratory features that characterize Jansen-de Vries syndrome. The article presents observations of two patients with Jansen-de Vries syndrome, first diagnosed in the Russian Federation. Children underwent routine laboratory and instrumental examinations, repeated consultations with a neurologist, geneticist, ophthalmologist, cardiologist and orthopedist. The diagnosis was made by full exome sequencing. A comparison of the identified cases with those described in the literature is performed. The observed girls from two unrelated families showed characteristic clinical manifestations, as in patients previously presented in the foreign literature: muscle hypotension, delayed motor and psycho-speech development, small hands and feet. Additionally, the first child had a prolonged course of neonatal meningitis and a low level of immunoglobulin A, the second had unilateral ptosis, congenital stridor. The de novo mutations found were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. A previously undescribed pathogenic variant c.1225del (p.Met409Ter) in the penultimate exon of the PPM1D gene was detected in the first child of 10 months. In the second child, a previously established pathogenic variant c.1270dupG (p.Glu424fs) was found in the last exon of this gene. Conclusion: the work presents the first domestic observations confirming the presence of characteristic clinical and genetic manifestations of the Jansen-de Vries syndrome. In addition, a previously undescribed pathogenic variant c.1225del (p.Met409Ter) was revealed in the penultimate exon of the PPM1D gene. In one of the observed children, features of humoral immunity were found, which may also be characteristic of this pathology.
Неонатальный скрининг -популяционная программа, которая ставит своей главной целью выявление детей с моногенными заболеваниями, нуждающихся в неотложном вмешательстве. Исторически скрининговые тесты разрабатывались и вводились в практику для выявления отдельных заболеваний. Однако с развитием и увеличением доступности технологий секвенирования нового поколения появляется возможность выявлять генетические нарушения у новорожденных вне зависимости от проявления симптомов и начинать лечение или корректирование симптомов как можно раньше. В данном обзоре кратко освещена история скрининга новорожденных, а также описан опыт зарубежных проектов по использованию методов секвенирования нового поколения в неонатальном скрининге. Приведенные в качестве примера заболевания, выявляемые с помощью экзомного секвенирования, но не классическими программами скрининга, демонстрируют актуальность дальнейшего развития и введения генетических методов в обследование новорожденных. Описаны ограничения экзомного секвенирования, которые необходимо принимать во внимание; этические вопросы, возникающие при принятии решений, а также экономические выгоды использования экзомного секвенирования в скрининговых программах.Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания № 121092400060-5. Конфликт интересов. Авторы подтвердили отсутствие конфликта интересов, о котором необходимо сообщить.
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