Introduction Periodontal disease is an infectious disease with a complex pathogenesis characterized by periodontal tissue and bone loss, in which local factors, host response, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition play important roles in etiology (1). The inflammation occurring during the development of a periodontal disease may result in degeneration of bone tissue causing changes in bone morphology (2). However, in periodontal defects, various graft materials are used to remove deformities caused by tooth extraction and trauma. The aim of the bone regeneration process is to increase the volume of bone (3). In order to achieve the desired success in these applications, experimental and clinical studies are still being carried out. However, despite these studies, there is not yet an ideal graft material that will allow the lost tissues to be recovered and the bone defects to be filled completely. Studies have focused on bone structure, types of bone Background/aim: In this experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the late period effects of the combination of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), which has bone wound healing effects, and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on the regeneration of bone tissue through histopathological, immunohistochemical, and radiological (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry-DEXA) methods in nondiabetic rats. Materials and methods: Sixty-four Wistar albino male rats were used. In the calvaria of the rats, a bone defect 7.0 mm in diameter was created. These rats were divided into 4 different groups. Group 1 was the control group without any treatment, a 0.125 mL Β-TCP graft was applied to Group 2, a 0.125 mL ABS was applied to Group 3, and a 0.125 mL (β-TCP + ABS) mixture was applied to group 4. Half of the rats were sacrificed on day 28 and the other half on day 56. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and DEXA analyses of the specimens were performed after the experiment. Results: As a result of the histopathological analysis, osteoblastic activity and new bone formation were found to be significantly higher in Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 than the control group on day 28 (P < 0.05). However, inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular dilatation and hemorrhage decreased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The histopathological analysis in rats on day 56 showed that osteoblastic activity in Group 2 and Group 4 was significantly higher than in the control group, but there was a statistically significant decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular dilatation and hemorrhage compared to the control group (P < 0.05). New bone formation in Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 was significantly higher than in the control group. Western blotting findings revealed that the osteonectin and osteopontin expression on day 28 was increased significantly in Group 2 and Group 4. DEXA analyses revealed that BMC values in Group 2 and Group 4 on day 28 were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density va...

Aim: Periodontal diseases are a major worldwide and is considered to be one of the most common oral pathologies. A large portion of periodontal pathologies are affected by a variety of factors genetic, socio-economic status, smoking, oral hygiene and lifestyle. The relationship between smoking and periodontal disease attracting more and more interest in the last 10-15 years. This study was planned to determine whether there is a relationship between smoking habits and periodontal status. Methodology: In this study, 372 individuals were evaluated between the ages 12-79. These individuals divided into 7 groups according to age, including 12-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79. CPITN scores and whether or not cigarette smoking habits of all individuals were recorded. Daily cigarette consumption was evaluated 0, occasionally, 1-10, 11-20 and more than 20.  Results: In our study, no significant statistical difference was found between the age groups and gender (p>0.05). There is a relationship proportional to the age and periodontal disease (p<0.05). Periodontal status of individuals who smoke analyzed, although individuals who smoke have higher periodontal scores, statistically significant relationship was not found between the two groups. Conclusions: Examined the periodontal status of the individuals included in the study, there is no difference between smokers and nonsmokers with individuals, despite the periodontal scores were higher in smokers. It is suggested that oral hygiene education would be effective in the rate of smoking and periodontal health. How to cite this article: Saribas E, Acun Kaya F, Dogru AG, Talo Yildirim T. Determination of periodontal status and smoking habits with CPITN index. Int Dent Res 2017;7:26-31.

Within the limitations of the short observational period and small sample size of this study, two-stage implant placement shows comparable clinical outcomes to implants placed using a one-stage placement protocol.

This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance.It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited. Articles in "Folia Morphologica" are listed in PubMed.

Aim: Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) is a rare syndrome of unknown etiology that develops in early childhood. Five different types of HSAN have been described. This syndrome is characterized by the absence of pain and self-mutilation. Patients start to traumatize themselves at as young as 2–3 years of age. Subsequently, ulcers and stress fractures develop on their fingers and toes. Oral findings in HSAN patients include oral lesions after repetitive trauma, oral mucosa and tongue scars, self-dental extractions, dental infections, and premature tooth loss. Methodology: This case report presents the oral findings of a 4-year-old HSAN patient with premature tooth loss who visited Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology. The extraoral examination showed wounds around the nose and bruises and burns on the forearms and legs. The intraoral inspection showed traumatic lesions on the tongue, early loss of all of the lower jaw primary dentition, but the presence of upper jaw teeth. Results: During follow-up, the eruption of the permanent right lower incisors and presence of mobility were observed. A partial child prosthesis for the lower jaw and protective plaque restoration constructions were planned. The patient is being followed regularly. Conclusions: It is necessary to conduct regular checkups and to ensure good communication between the dentist and family in terms of ensuring oral hygiene and preventing the development of undesired complications.  How to cite this article: Saribas E, Acun Kaya F, Dogru AM, Aluclu MU.  Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy: A Case Report. Int Dent Res 2016;6:9-12. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.