In the present study, forty-three fecal samples were collected between 2018 and 2020, were tested for bovine Rotavirus (RBV) by rapid commercial strip test, Ag detection sandwich ELISA and RT-PCR for screening and matching of sensitivity and specificity. Our results revealed that seven samples (7/43; 16.2%) were positive by rapid test, fourteen and ten samples were positive by Ag detection ELISA (14/43; 32.5%) and RT-PCR (10/43; 23.2%), respectively. Sequence analysis for one positive sample showed its complete identity with the recent BRV Egyptian strains which reassures the vaccine reliability and negates any recent virus evolution. Meanwhile, comparison between both the rapid test and RT-PCR and ELISA, the sensitivity was 50% and 71.5% respectively, while specificity was identical. In conclusions, ELISA can be considered as a simple, sensitive and reliable test for BRV detection and devoid the drawbacks of other tests.

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a serious veterinary health concern worldwide. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of persistent infections (PI) and identify the current strain among some dairy cattle herds in Egypt. A total of 240 serum samples were collected from six Egyptian provinces. Between 2019 and 2020, samples were tested by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of PI animals, and then molecular characterization was performed. Six calves were found PI with a prevalence of 2.5% (6/240). Using molecular characterization, HoBi-like Pestivirus (BVD-3) was successfully identified in Egypt for the first time. Based on the BVD-3 reference strains on Genbank, the detected strains had an identity ranging from 98.8 to 99.6%. Partial nucleotide sequence of the 5′UTR gene for six tested samples was submitted to Genbank with accessions: OM324396, OM324397, OM324398, OM324399, OM3243100, and OM3243101.

Equid herpesviruses (EHVs) affect equine health and can cause significant economic losses to the equine industry worldwide. In the current study, the circulation of two infectious equid herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) among different horse populations in some farms was monitored. In the present study, 50 samples of nasal secretions and tissue homogenates from neurological disease cases, abortion, neonatal foal deaths, and 36 serum samples. Samples of swabs and organs inoculated in embryonated chiken egg and Madin darby bovine kidney cell line. 29samples were positive in egg injection but no detected CPE in cell line for three passages. DNA was extracted and subjected to conventional PCR to detect the two herpesviruses' presence using specific primers. Three isolates of EHV-1 and four were detected. One EHV-1 and two EHV-4 were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the existence of the isolated EHV-1 and EHV-4. They were more closely related to other previously isolated EHV-1 and EHV-4 from Egypt and other countries. Antibodies against EHV-1 and EHV-4 were tested using ELISA. The results showed that EHV-1 and EHV-4 are endemic and can be a continuous threat for horses in the absence of vaccination programs and frequent virus reactivation.