& Key message A novel multi-environment competition individual-tree mixed model resulted in better fit, and greater individual narrow-and broad-sense heritabilities than the model without competition, notably for traits showing competition. In multi-environment tests, the proposed model would allow tree breeders to select genotypes with the best performance in both additive direct and competition breeding values, increasing forest productivity. & Context Genetic merit of trees is known to be affected and interact with local competition effects as well as changes across environmental conditions. Recent studies showed that competition genetic effects can affect the genetic variance and bias the tree breeding values, and its covariance with direct breeding values has been variable across traits. & Aims The present paper extends a mixed-model methodology to the problem of accounting for competition in a multi-environment set of forest genetic trials and exploring its impact on genetic variances as well as the multi-environment genetic correlation. & Methods The proposed model is illustrated using data from two full-sib trials of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis F 1 . Dispersion parameters and (co)variance of total breeding values were estimated for diameter at breast height, total tree height, and stem straightness at age 10. & Results For traits showing competition effects (diameter at breast height and total tree height), the proposed multi-environment competition model gave better fit than the simpler model. Accounting for competition increased the direct additive variance, reduced the residual variances, and did not change significantly the across-site additive genetic correlation. However, for diameter at breast height, top 5% best genetic rankings showed differences. & Conclusion When traits are strongly affected by inter-tree competition, the use of the proposed model in multi-environment analyses can efficiently identify the phenomenon with general benefits in the fitting of genetic components and open the door to select on the basis of competitiveness.
ResumoÁrea colorida, largura dos anéis de crescimento e porcentagem de lenho tardio no pinho híbrido F1 INTA-PINDO. As características dos anéis anuais são indicadores do crescimento e qualidade da madeira. Aos 11 anos de idade, foram tomadas uma amostra de 90 arvores de pinho híbrido F1 de Pinus elliottii x Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis de 2 localidades, compostas por 15 famílias e 3 posições no ranking de crescimento genético. As rodelas foram tomadas a 0,10 m; 1,30 m e 4,45 m de altura do fuste, avaliou-se a porcentagem da área colorida na região central da tora, largura e área dos anéis de crescimento e proporção de lenho tardio. Os dados foram analisados com modelos lineares mistos. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as famílias para as variáveis analisadas, com exceção do percentual de lenho tardio. A família 02 apresentou maior crescimento e área livre de coloração. As famílias 01 e 03 apresentaram maior porcentagem de área colorida. A porcentagem de área colorida aumentou com a altura da árvore. A largura do anel de crescimento diminuiu com a altura da árvore e foi maior para as famílias 01, 02, 03, 04, 05 e 07. A porcentagem de lenho tardio aumentou da medula para a casca e da base da árvore para a copa. Conclui-se que as famílias da posição superior do ranking genético de crescimento apresentaram maior valor médio de largura e área de anéis de crescimento e a mesma proporção de lenho tardio em relação às famílias de menor crescimento, sendo essas características desejadas para obtenção madeira de qualidade para usos estruturais. Palavras-chave: Qualidade da madeira, duraminização da madeira, características do lenho, ranking genético de crescimento
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