The effects of consuming corn bran, soy hulls, or apple powder on glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated in two studies of persons with type II diabetes. Fiber sources, completely or partially added to bread, were incorporated into subjects' self-selected diets. Low fiber white bread served as a control. In study A, 10 subjects consumed 26 g fiber source daily; in study B, eight subjects consumed 52 g fiber source. Biochemical tests, including a 2-h postprandial glucose test using a low fiber formula meal, were scheduled after 2 and 4 wk of each dietary treatment. Soy hull consumption slightly improved some measures of glucose tolerance, with results varying between the studies. Consumption of 52 g corn bran decreased very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycosylated Hb, but subject tolerance was poor with the particle size used. Consumption of 52 g apple powder increased low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels.

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the case reports it may appear that these 50 patients received no therapy other than electric shocks, but nothing could be further from the truth. This paper was written primarily for the development of clinical symptoms of melancholia; hence, other forms of treat¬ ment are not discussed. At a later date another study will be made and other forms of treatment of this impor¬ tant illness will be considered. It must be mentioned here, however, that when our patients were coming out of their confusion, the whole staff had daily sessions with each patient in an attempt to determine causative factors or other problems requiring analysis and expla¬ nation. Fears and doubts were explained, and peculiar and inaccurate thoughts were rationalized and cleared whenever possible. As far as we have gone, studies of this disease have not disclosed any specific causative factors. The fact that in many patients this disease developed during or immediately after the menopause should at first call the investigator's attention to the point that ovarian, thyroid and pituitary changes may produce melancholia. Interestingly enough, how¬ ever, the giving of estrogenic hormones with or without thyroid extract has never, in our practice, resulted in recovery from melancholia. Similarly, the presence of glycosuria is not indicative of diabetes but denotes the possibility of melancholia being a metabolic problem. Dietary regimens did not result in the disappearance of the glycosuria or the cure of the melancholia ; the glycosuria found in 9 of our patients was not associ¬ ated at any time with hyperglycemia. After patients received four or five electric shocks sugar was not found in their urine.On analysis of our 50 cases, 38 were in the melan¬ cholia group, 10 in the mental depression (manicdepressive psychosis) group and 2 in the psychoneurotic depression group. SUMMARY Fifty cases of melancholia, mental depression and psychoneurotic depression are reported. They were not classified as such, and the patients were treated for some other condition or conditions from three to thirty-three months before the diagnosis of melancholia was made. Forty-eight of these patients have recovered.Otolaryngology.-Sir Alexander Fleming's colossal dis¬ covery of the antibacterial effects of penicillin has revolutionized the practice of otolaryngology and altered it to such extremes that it now bears only a faint resemblance to its stature of a decade ago. Here we observe the tremendous effects of con¬ temporary discovery. The acute infections of the pharynx, retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsillar abscess and the deep sup¬ purations of the neck have nearly vanished. The acute inflam¬ matory processes within the sinuses run a course of short dura¬ tion and seldom give rise to complications under the influence of the chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents. The serious complications of mastoiditis which comprised a significantly important responsibility of otolaryngological practice and held the major interest of the members of our profession ten years ago are...

Serum LDH isoenzyme fractions were evaluated in non‐diabetic control subjects, diet‐controlled diabetic patients and diabetic patients receiving chlorpropamide (Diabinese) in addition to diet. Statistically significant elevations of fraction I were observed in both the diet‐controlled and the chlorpropamide diet‐controlled diabetic groups when compared with the normal controls. Fraction III, however, showed a statistically significant decrease in activity in the two diabetic groups when compared with the normal controls. No significant changes were observed in the other fractions. The findings indicate that the diabetic state per se may elicit an increase in fraction I with a decrease in fraction III, and that chlorpropamide therapy has no effect on the relative concentrations of the various serum LDH isoenzymes. This evidence confirms a previous observation from this laboratory that liver function remains unaltered during chlorpropamide therapy and that the mild abnormalities reported here are in all likelihood peculiar to the diabetic state itself.

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