The craniometric linear dimensions of the posterior fossa have been relatively well studied, but angular craniometry has been poorly studied and may reveal differences in the several types of craniocervical junction malformation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate craniometric angles compared with normal subjects and elucidate the main angular differences among the types of craniocervical junction malformation and the correlation between craniocervical and cervical angles. Angular craniometries were studied using primary cranial angles (basal and Boogard’s) and secondary craniocervical angles (clivus canal and cervical spine lordosis). Patients with basilar invagination had significantly wider basal angles, sharper clivus canal angles, larger Boogard’s angles, and greater cervical lordosis than the Chiari malformation and control groups. The Chiari malformation group does not show significant differences when compared with normal controls. Platybasia occurred only in basilar invagination and is suggested to be more prevalent in type II than in type I. Platybasic patients have a more acute clivus canal angle and show greater cervical lordosis than non-platybasics. The Chiari group does not show significant differences when compared with the control, but the basilar invagination groups had craniometric variables significantly different from normal controls. Hyperlordosis observed in the basilar inavagination group was associated with craniocervical kyphosis conditioned by acute clivus canal angles.

Study Design.This is a cross-sectional analysis of resonance magnetic images of 111 patients with craniocervical malformations and those of normal subjects.Objective.To test the hypothesis that atlas assimilation is associated with basilar invagination (BI) and atlas's anterior arch assimilation is associated with craniocervical instability and type I BI.Summary of Background Data.Atlas assimilation is the most common malformation in the craniocervical junction. This condition has been associated with craniocervical instability and BI in isolated cases.Methods.We evaluated midline Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) (and/or CT scans) from patients with craniocervical junction malformation and normal subjects. The patients were separated into 3 groups: Chiari type I malformation, BI type I, and type II. The atlas assimilations were classified according to their embryological origins as follows: posterior, anterior, and both arches assimilation.Results.We studied the craniometric values of 111 subjects, 78 with craniocervical junction malformation and 33 without malformations. Of the 78 malformations, 51 patients had Chiari type I and 27 had BI, of whom 10 presented with type I and 17 with type II BI. In the Chiari group, 41 showed no assimilation of the atlas. In the type I BI group, all patients presented with anterior arch assimilation, either in isolation or associated with assimilation of the posterior arch. 63% of the patients with type II BI presented with posterior arch assimilation, either in isolation or associated with anterior arch assimilation. In the control group, no patients had atlas assimilation.Conclusion.Anterior atlas assimilation leads to type I BI. Posterior atlas assimilation more frequently leads to type II BI. Separation in terms of anterior versus posterior atlas assimilation reflects a more accurate understanding of the clinical and embryological differences in craniocervical junction malformations.Level of Evidence: N/A

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OBJETIVO: Pretendemos neste estudo analisar 39 pacientes submetidos à duodenopancreatectomia. MÉTODO: No período de julho de 1998 a março de 2004, trinta e nove pacientes foram submetidos a duodenopancreatectomia no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Foram analisados os dados epidemiológicos, o quadro clínico, os métodos radiológicos, as indicações da operação e as complicações encontradas . RESULTADOS: Havia 22 pacientes do sexo masculino (56,4%) e 17 pacientes do sexo feminino (43,6%) com média de idade de 54,9 anos (variação de 21-82 anos). O exame radiológico mais utilizado foi a tomografia computadorizada. O diagnóstico histológico definitivo revelou adenocarcinoma periampolar em 35 pacientes (89,7%), pancreatite crônica (três pacientes - 7,7%) e adenocarcinoma colo-retal (um paciente - 2,6%). O adenocarcinoma periampolar mais freqüente foi o carcinoma ductal do pâncreas (27 pacientes - 69,2%), seguido por carcinoma de papila de Vater ( cinco pacientes - 12,8%), adenocarcinoma duodenal (dois pacientes - 5,1%) e carcinoma de via biliar distal (um paciente - 2,6%). As complicações pulmonares foram as mais freqüentes sendo encontradas em cinco pacientes (12,8%), a sepse peritoneal em quatro pacientes (10,2%), fístula pancreática em três pacientes (7,6%) e a hemorragia0 intra-abdominal em três pacientes (7,6%). A mortalidade intra-hospitalar em 30 dias foi 10,2 % (quatro pacientes). CONCLUSÃO: A duodenopancreatectomia ainda está associada a morbidade considerável. Entretanto com uma seleção adequada destes pacientes este procedimento pode ser realizado de forma segura com melhores resultados.

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