CO2 REDUCTION TO HYDROCARBONS AND OXYGENATES: FUNDAMENTALS, STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES. The development of renewable energy sources (e.g., solar and wind) moves foward, the tendance for replacing fossil fuels increases. However, these technologies have as primary barriers to industrial processes’ efficiency and especially storage. Thus, CO2 reduction routes using these energy sources could chemically store part of the energy as fuels or chemicals, offering alternatives to current oil and gas industry. This process is inspired by photosynthesis, e.g., photochemical or electrochemical processes, using homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Nevertheless, this reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable and has very slow kinetics, given the high stability of the CO2 molecule and the complexity of the redox reactions involved. Therefore, this review addresses this process’s kinetic and thermodynamic challenges, and the fundamental concepts of the photo(electro)chemical processes for CO2 reduction, besides presenting and discussing the materials with the potential to act as catalysts. The main reaction mechanisms and advances in the understanding of such processes are discussed, as well as future perspectives

Here we propose a simple one‐pot solvothermal method to synthesize well‐dispersed CuO catalysts over carbon black surface for application in CO2 electrolysis. Although simple, the route produced catalysts with good performance even in lower CuO contents, increasing the efficiency of the catalytic layer. Films prepared by straightforward dropping on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrates were stable (up to 30 hours), showing good activity for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and controlling the competitive H2 evolution to preferentially form CO2 reduction products (CO, formic acid, ethanol, and acetic acid). The results showed values of almost 50 % of faradaic efficiency for products of CO2 reduction, comparable with other more elaborated catalysts reported in the literature, even utilizing cheap support, easy synthesis, and lower potentials.

Introdução: Muitos pacientes internados na UTI permanecem restritos aos Introdução: Nos últimos anos, com o avanço tecnológico e da medicina, a sobrevida dos pacientes internados nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) tem aumentado consideravelmente. No entanto, muitos desses pacientes permanecem imóveis e restritos ao leito causando diversas consequências deletérias associadas à imobilidade prolongada. Objetivo: Elucidar os efeitos sistêmicos da mobilização precoce em pacientes adultos internados na UTI. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão realizada nas bases de dados eletrônica: Pubmed, Scielo e Web of Science. Foram selecionados artigos indexados publicados entre o período de 2012 a 2017. Foram encontrados 9 estudos relevantes a essa revisão. Resultados: De forma geral, essa prática proporcionou aumento da força muscular, aumento da pressão inspiratória máxima, redução na produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e do estresse oxidativo, menor permanência na ventilação mecânica (VM), menor tempo de internação hospitalar e maior qualidade de vida. Conclusão: A fisioterapia torna-se essencial no desenvolvimento da mobilização precoce, contribuindo para a melhora da funcionalidade e da qualidade de vida do paciente tanto no meio hospitalar quanto pós-alta.Palavras-chave: mobilização precoce, unidade de terapia intensiva, Fisioterapia.

This paper describes a facile one-pot method to obtain Bi-based heterostructures by calcination process and evaluate the physical-chemical properties. The increase in the temperature treatment changed the sample’s phase crystalline, the synthesis method proposed was able to obtain (BiO)2CO3, α-Bi2O3, and β-Bi2O3 pure phases and (BiO)2CO3/α-Bi2O3 and α-Bi2O3/β-Bi2O3 heterostructures. Additionally, the annealing temperature also influences the morphology, optical, and photocatalytic properties. The temperature increases decreased the sample’s bandgap, and the above 350ºC, the samples became active under visible radiation. The photocatalytic performance of the samples was evaluated under UV and visible radiation on the MB degradation, it was observed that under UV radiation, the (BiO)2CO3 phase exhibited higher performance than the Bi2O3 phase. Therefore, we can confirm that the increases in the temperature harmed the photocatalytic performance under UV radiation. On the other hand, synthesized samples above 300°C showed the best performance under visible radiation, due to the bandgap reduction and the electron/hole pair lifetime increasing.