Infectious diseases often result in increased morbidity and mortality, as well as during the Corona Virus pandemic. Children and adolescents are one of the groups at risk for transmission. Transmission of covid-19 in children and adolescents is not too much. This is due to factors related to the behavior of adolescent to prevent the transmission of covid-19. This study aims to analyze factors related to the role and behavior of adolescents in preventing the transmission of covid-19 in terms of predisposing, enabling, reinforcing and environmental factors. The research method is observational with a cross sectional design. The population is adolescents aged 10 -21 years in Bareng and Tanjungrejo Sub-Districts, Malang City with a total of 551 people. Samples were taken by simple random technique of 139 respondents. Data analysis used linear regression test. Results: role strengthening factors include predisposing, enabling, reinforcing and the environment significantly influence adolescent behavior in preventing transmission of Covid-19 with a value (P-value) < α = 0.05. This shows that all the factors tested are related to the behavior of adolescents to comply in implementing health protocols. The role and behavior of adolescents in preventing infectious diseases needs to be continuously strengthened by various relevant factors so that they can actively participate in preventing its transmission and spread.

The high rate of diarrheal disease in children is caused by many factors, namely, poor hand washing habits, children consuming food that is not guaranteed to be clean, and an unhealthy school environment. One way to prevent the transmission of diarrheal disease is by washing hands with soap. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of handwashing with soap in preventing diarrhea in school-age children. This study was conducted by searching for national and international journals that match the inclusion criteria through 2 databases, namely Google Scholar and Science Direct. The Study Design used is a Cross Sectional Study. Search articles using keywords that have been adjusted by MeSH. The selection was taken by paying attention to the PICOS framework, then the articles were analyzed one by one. Found 8 national journals and 1 international journal, then the journals were analyzed one by one. The results of the study, namely the majority of articles (8 of 9 articles) stated that there was a significant relationship between the effect of washing hands with soap in preventing diarrhea in school-age children. The conclusion of the study is that there is an effect of hand washing with soap and prevention of diarrhea in school-age children. Suggestions for future researchers are expected not to lean on only one search source and develop a more analytical PICOS design study.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global health problem that has been increasing in various age groups, including adolescents. Overweight and obesity should be prevented to reduce the risks of various chronic diseases, including cardio-vascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Albert Bandura proposed Social Cognitive Theory to explain health-related behaviors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, environmental observation, outcome expectation, self-efficacy, and preventive behavior of overweight in adolescent, using Social Cognitive Theory. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional design, conducted in Malang, East Java. A total of 90 overweight or obese high school students in Malang were selected for this study. A set of questionnaire was designed to measure knowledge, environmental observation, outcome expectation, self-efficacy, and preventive behavior of overweight. This questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression model on STATA program. RESULTS: Environmental observation (b=0.11; CI 95%=0.00 to 0.23; p=0.047), outcome expectation (b=0.11; CI 95%=0.00 to 0.22; p=0.041), and self-efficacy (b=0.14; CI 95%=0.04 to 0.24; p=0.006) had positive relationship with preventive behavior of overweight. However, the relationship between knowledge and preventive behavior was not statistically significant (b=-0.14; CI 95%=-0.44 to 0.15; p=0.342). Together the independent variables in the model explained 38% of the variation in preventive behavior of overweight (adjusted R 2 =38.06). CONCLUSION: Environmental observation, outcome expectation, and self-efficacy had positive relationship with preventive behavior overweight.

Background: Obesity is a major and complex health issue worldwide. The causes of obesity in adolescence are overeating, family history, bad eating habits, little or no exercise, medical illness, low self esteem, medications, depression, emotional problems, stressful life, and family problem. Eating behavior and physical activity during adolescence may modify an adolescent's risk of adult obesity. This study aimed to examine the association between high fiber diet, exercise, and body weight reduction in overweight and obesity adolescents. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi experiment one-group before and after with no comparison design. A sample of 60 adolescents with overweight/obesity was selected for this study by quota sampling. The dependent variable was body weight. The independent variable was high fiber intake and exercise program. Body weight reduction before and after the intervention was tested by paired ttest. Results: 40% of adolescents were able to reduce the main food portion to 1/3 of the usual portion. 25% of adolescents increased exercise time up to 3 hours per week. Body weight after high fiber diet and exercise (mean= 72.65) was lower than before high fiber diet and exercise (mean= 73.65) with p= 0.025. Conclusion:High fiber diet and exercise programis effective to reduce body weight in adolescents with overweight or obesity.

Pollutants are a mixture of substances in the air both intentionally and naturally that can cause air quality to be down so as to disrupt and harm the living things or other objects around it. An increase in the number of motor vehicles increases air pollution and fuel consumption. Fuel oil contains benzene, toluene, xylenses, ethylene, total petroleum hydrocarbon, and polycuclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Fueling operators at gas stations have a high risk of exposure to benzene through inhalation. Exposure to benzene will affect bone marrow damage that causes disruption of blood cell production. The aim of this research is to know the relation between air pollutant (benzene) and MCV at SPBU employee in Blitar District. The research method used Cross Sectional. The subjects of the research are the employees of the fuel filler perator with Purposive Sampling technique of 30 respondents. Full blood collection to determine MCV levels. The results showed no significant correlation between air pollutant exposure time with MCV content with p-value = 0,339 (p > 0,05) and x-rho = -0.181. This research was conducted at gas station with minimal bias (gas station which is located in environment area with many trees and a bit of building around it). Suggestions for further research are examined the level of benzene concentration in the air to determine the level of air pollution.