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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara self-concept dan toxic disinhibition online effect pada mahasiswa yang menggunakan media sosial Instagram. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu skala Toxic Disinhibition Online Effect dan Skala Self Concept. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa pengguna sosial media instagram. Metode penelitian adalah metode kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama dua belas bulan, dimana diperoleh hasil bahwa dari 170 mahasiswa, lebih dari separuh (51.23%) memiliki self concept yang positif. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik nilai signifikansi adalah 0,2000. Nilai signifikansi pada penelitian ini lebih besar dari pada 0,05 dengan nilai korelasi -0,065. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara self concept dan toxic disinhibition online effect.

The present study investigated to what extent memory of conflict and perceived threat explain the relation between religiosity and supporting interreligious conflicts between Muslims and Christians in Indonesia. We employed data from the survey of the interreligious conflicts in 2017, involving 2026 adults from five hotspot regions: Aceh Singkil, South Lampung, Bekasi, Poso, and Kupang. Our confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance demonstrated that all employed scales were valid and reliable across religious groups. Our structural equation modelling showed that while the memory of conflicts was only positively related to supporting lawful protests, the perceived threat was shown to be strongly related to supporting both lawful and violent protests. This shows that memory of past physical injuries is not highly susceptible to exclusive behaviours against the religious outgroup. However, it is the individuals’ evaluation of the religious outgroup as a result of past conflicts which encourages exclusionary behaviours against them. These findings provide empirical insights into the importance of the aftermath of interreligious conflicts and how they can be used to avoid future clashes.

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