Reducing postsurgery complication incidences following third molar surgery is an important issue, which could easily be achieved by designing appropriate flaps.

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of nasal obstruction. We presented a case of CNPAS with accompanying short lingual frenulum. Surgical dilatation without osteotomy was used, and the infant had normal growth and development. In these cases, the less invasive surgical methods can be effective.

Hybrid laminates consisting of C-glass woven fabric/epoxy composite plies and 3k-carbon woven fabric/epoxy composite plies are studied for fatigue damage and residual strength. Tension-tension fatigue tests were conducted on notched composite laminates at two load ratios of 0.1 and 0.25. The laminates were fabricated with the hand lay-up process for a symmetrical stacking sequence [0/90] 3s made of three 3k-carbon/epoxy composite plies at both top and bottom sections and six C-glass/ epoxy composite plies in the middle. Fatigue damage was generated on notched specimens with 4 Â 10 4 load cycles to damage for residual strength tests. The hybridization was found to be beneficial for relative damage sensitivity under one of four different fatigue conditions although its effect was marginal while three other conditions were not in favor. A relative damage sensitivity factor expression (or a criterion) was developed for quantitative comparisons between non-hybrid and hybrid composites and was theoretically demonstrated to be valid for any possible cases where various combinations are possible due to differences in strength reduction rate between two different composite systems. A theoretical framework with the relative damage sensitivity factor is proposed as a guide to deal with the complexity involving uncertainties and a large number of variables in the hybrid composite system. New damage mechanisms of the hybrid system due to dissimilarity between two sub-composite systems (i.e. glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy) were hypothesized and tested to be valid with evidence based on

BackgroundThe ductus venosus pulsatility index(DVPI) has been evolved as an important marker of the first trimester screening sonography. The aim of this study is to define a reference for ductus venosus pulsatility index at 11–13 +6 weeks of gestation.MethodsIn this cross sectional observational study, 415 women with singleton pregnancies and crown lump length(CRL) between 45 and 84 mm were included. Exclusion criteria were abnormal biochemical screening results, presence of fetal structural malformation or chromosomal abnormalities such as thickened nuchal fold, abnormal perinatal outcomes, and newborns with a chromosomal abnormality. Transabdominal U/S was performed in all participants by an expert radiologist in obstetric sonography. CRL, nuchal translucency(NT), and blood flow indices of ductus venosus (DV) in each fetus were measured. The collected data were analyzed by IBM SPSS software version 20. Linear regression was performed to demonstrate the association between CRL DVPI. Further, 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of DV blood flow indices were calculated for each gestational age.ResultThe mean value of DVPI ranged from 1.05 at CRL 42mm to 1.3 at CRL 82mm. DVPI and CRL did not show any significant linear association (Regression coefficient B=0.001, R2=0.003, P=0.31)Conclusion: We defined means and ranges of DVPI, while determining the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of DVPI for each CRL at our institution which were approximately similar to previous studies.

No abstract