Introduction: In this study, the authors aimed to perform a novel and extensive analysis, based on the most applicable correlations between the mandibular and upper airway parameters, using cone beam computed tomography across all malocclusion classes. The authors also focused on gender-dependent differences in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: Images were acquired from adult patients using cone beam computed tomography. The patients were classified into three groups of malocclusion classes (class I: 13 males and 27 females, class II: 13 males and 27 females, and class III: 25 males and 15 females). For each patient, 10 parameters for the mandible and 23 parameters for the pharynx, pyriform aperture, and nasal cavity were evaluated in the images. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficient showed significant correlations between the mandibular morphology and upper airway dimensions in each malocclusion class. In females, the menton angle had a significant correlation with pharyngeal dimensions in all malocclusion classes. In males, the bigonial width, bicondylar width, and symphyseal height of the mandible were correlated with pharyngeal dimensions in all classes. The greatest correlation between the mandible and upper airways was observed in class III malocclusions, and the lowest correlation was observed in class I malocclusions. In addition, the mandibular parameters had relationships with the nasal cavity and pyriform aperture. Conclusion: It is important to consider the knowledge of the relationship between some characteristics of the mandible and airways in various clinical approaches.

Background: Following the widespread approval of laparoscopic procedures, which impose certain restrictions on surgeons' movements and access to information, extensive research has been conducted on improving ergonomic conditions in this field. Ergonomic studies have indicated high levels of physical workload among laparoscopic surgeons. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the major ergonomic challenges faced by laparoscopic surgeon, their first assistants, and operating room nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 62 volunteers with different levels of experience in minimally invasive surgeries between October 2014 and June 2015. Demographic data and the musculoskeletal disorder were collected by demographic questionnaire and the nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures and surgical team members' position were recorded by camera then evaluated via the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method by ErgoIntelligence -UEA software. The data were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA Test, pearson and Kendall correlation coefficient by using Spss 16 software. Results: 60%of participates are male and 40%are female. The Mean age of male and female participates are 43.94 and37.62, respectively. There is a significant relationship between weight, height and work experience with musculoskeletal disorders and jobs and RULA score. The surgeons had the highest score in Rulla method. Pearson correlation coefficient also showed a significant relationship between age and RULA score. Conclusions: The majority of the participants complained of pain and discomfort after laparoscopy, therefore it is imperative to consider ergonomic issues during such procedures.

Aims: The sphenoid sinus is surrounded by many neurovascular structures which are very vulnerable to intrasphenoid sinus surgeries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the variation of sphenoid sinus structure by CT scan imaging. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of 3D images of a paranasal sinus in 129 cases. In this study, three-way metering of the sphenoid sinus, additional septum, pneumatization of the period process (PP), anterior clinoid process (ACP) and greater wing of sphenoid and protrusion and dehiscence of adjacent structures will be assessed. Results: Protrusion of internal carotid artery (ICA), a vidian nerve, maxillary nerve (V2) and optical canal were seen respectively 50.4%, 57.36%, 62.5% and 54.3% but dehiscence of this structure was seen 8.5%, 7%, 3.9% and 6.2%. penumtazition of PP, ACP and greater wing of sphenoid were seen 96.87%, 43.9% and 41.1%. Additional septum also is seen in 76% of the population. Conclusion: This study demonstrates numerous variations in sphenoid sinus structure. Some of the variations cause many problems during intrasphenoidal surgery. Therefore, physicians should evaluate patients completely before surgery.

The mechanism of TBI, the type of head injuries, and accompanying spine and abdominal injuries were significant prognostic factors in traumatic patients.

Background: Nowadays quality of life (QOL) is an important part of health and measuring health-related QOL after surgery is necessary for decision-making by patients and surgeons. To assess post cholecystectomy QOL, documentation of high quality care has been subjected to extended discussions, and the use of patient-reported outcome satisfaction for quality improvement has been advocated for several years.