The article discusses the possibility of using the criteria of energy saving, cost and comfort as an estimate criterion in the analysis of information modeling technologies for low-rise buildings at the stages of design, implementation and operation. The insulation systems of low-rise buildings, including frame type, are considered as an object of study. Different types of insulation systems of frame buildings are considered and, as a result, the expediency of using rolled polyethylene foam as an insulating material is established. Its use allows to form a seamless insulating sheath with minimization of heat transfer bridges, as well as to eliminate the use of additional wind-proof and vapor-insulating membranes. The regularities of the influence of operating factors on the thermal resistance of the insulating shell are established. The data obtained as a result of the implementation of experimental studies allow us to state that low water absorption and low vapor permeability of the insulating layer exclude the possibility of its wetting and degradation of heat-shielding parameters. The stability of the properties of the insulation sheath and the construction of the walls as a whole is ensured during the entire period of operation.
Insulation systems for buildings and structures imply the use of efficient thermal insulation products based on mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, expanded polyurethane, etc. For a long time, products from non-cross-linked expanded polyethylene were used as insulation for pipelines, reflective insulation, protection against air infiltration, etc. Modern technologies and engineering solutions allowed widening the field of application of non-cross-linked expanded polyethylene (NXLPE) as a construction insulation material. In particular, we can consider a complex of insulation systems for walls, floors and a pitched roof, which allows to form a fully insulating shell of a low-rise building, e.g. a cottage. The novelty of the patented technology Tepofol® and that of the material concerned in comparison with the known solutions is the development of a rolled material based on NXLPE (20 to 150 mm thick) with a lock joint, as well as the technology of seamless connection of individual heat-insulating cloths. The rolls of NXLPE are mechanically fixed to the frame and connected with the lock. One of the advantages of expanded polyethylene, which only few insulating materials possess, is the possibility of forming seamless insulating shells. The article considers a number of insulation systems based on the use of products from expanded polyethylene. In particular, these are the systems of insulation of the walls of frame buildings, the insulation of floors, as well as the insulation of logistics facilities and hangars.
Construction system consists of materials with different properties. The use of materials in the design should ensure maximum of its performance and its durability. The use of thermal insulation materials is an effective way to form the thermal envelope of a building, reducing energy costs and increasing the durability of building structures. The properties of materials are determined by their structure, which is formed in the process of technological influences. Formation of the insulating shell of oil and gas industry objects is possible only when considering the special features of the thermal insulation layer in the construction and the use of high-quality materials that retain their characteristics, both in the early stages of operation and throughout the calculation period. The first is achieved by competent design, the second the possibility of assessing the properties of thermal insulation (and predicting changes in these properties over time) directly in the construction site.The methodology for assessing the properties of insulating products includes two main components: testing facility and methodology for assessing operational stability. The methodology of conducting accelerated tests and prediction of durability is tested for mineral wool products of a layered, corrugated and volume-oriented structure. The test results give good convergence with the methods recommended by the building codes.
Insulation systems of building structures involve the solution of the following group of tasks: creation of favorable conditions for the work of structural elements and construction as a whole; optimization of heat losses through the insulation shell; creation of comfortable conditions in the room. Such a system would function normally if effective thermal insulation, including polyethylene, were used. The price of polyethylene foam can be reduced without prejudice to the properties in the case of the use of secondary polyethylene foam. The article presents the results of experimental studies, the purpose of which is to optimize the composition of polyethylene foam with the addition of secondary polyethylene, the formation of methods of selection of its composition and the development of systems for the application of products based on polyethylene foam. The article presents the main provisions of the method of analytical optimization, which allows to significantly reducing the material and time costs of processing the results of the experiment. The article deals with aspects of the implementation of construction systems using products based on polyethylene foam in terms of minimizing heat loss through the contact areas. Mandatory criteria for the construction and implementation of insulation systems are safety conditions, including both structural safety (including maintenance-free cycle) and fire safety.
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