From a biologically active extract of Indonesian propolis from East Java, 11 compounds were isolated and identified: four alk(en)ylresorcinols (obtained as an inseparable mixture) (1-4) were isolated for the first time from propolis, along with four prenylflavanones (6-9) and three cycloartane-type triterpenes (5, 10 and 11). The structures of the components were elucidated based on their spectral properties. All prenylflavanones demonstrated significant radical scavenging activity against diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radicals, and compound 6 showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. For the first time Macaranga tanarius L. and Mangifera indica L. are shown as plant sources of Indonesian propolis.

Abstrak. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu flora normal pada kulit, membran mukosa, orofaring, saluran pencernaan dan vagina yang berpotensi menjadi patogen. Pertumbuhan S. aureus yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan infeksi yang serius baik di manusia atau hewan. Dan sekarang, beberapa S. aureus dikabarkan telah resisten terhadap antibiotik karena proses mutasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis mencoba memberi alternatif pengobatan dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak etanol gel Aloe vera yang menurut beberapa penulis lain, gel Aloe vera mengandung antraquinone, tannin, polysaccharide, flavonoid, and saponin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan metode difusi dan dilusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, dan 0% pada metode difusi. Sementara itu metode dilusi menggunakan konsentrasi 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,5625% kontrol positif (+), dan kontrol negatif (-).Dari pengamatan hasil penelitian, tidak didapatkan zona inhibisi pada metode difusi serta tidak dapat ditentukan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM) terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus. Hal ini terkait dengan rendahnya senyawa aktif yang digunakan di sampel gel Aloe vera dalam penelitian ini akibat pengaruh dari faktor lingkungan, perbedaan usia tanaman dengan literatur awal, proses degradasi dan reaksi enzimatik, adanya perbedaan metode ekstraksi, serta proses oksidasi saat terpapar oleh udara. using 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% concentration in difusion method and using 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,5625% concentration , positive control (+) and negative control (-) Abstract. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the normal flora in human skin, mucous membrane, oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina which potentially becomes a pathogen. The excessive growth of S. aureus can cause many serious infection whether in human or animal. And nowadays, some of S.aureus have become resistant to antibiotic caused by its mutation. According to that case, researcher try to find an alternative solution by using Aloe vera gel ethanol extract that some other researchers say it contains antraquinone, tannin, polysaccharide, flavonoid, and saponin as anti bacterial compound. This research aimed to find out the effectiveness of Aloe vera gel ethanol extract in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus.This research is designed as an laboratorium experimental with difusion and dilusion method. Test performed with

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A comprehensive analysis with the partial least square structural equation modeling shows decreasing necrosis requires increasing autophagy and apoptosis.

From the analyzed sputum specimens, 18.81% were detected as MTBC and 5.78% as NTM species. Each pulmonary TB suspect patient needed clinical settings to suspect causative agents of MTBC and/or NTM species; clinicians have to understand the local epidemiological data for the evaluation of causes of lung infection to determine appropriate therapy.