The current level of poverty in Nigeria is disturbing and climate change impends food security and increases poverty indirectly and directly on individuals or households. Farming households are changing agricultural practices as a result of global observation of climatic and environmental changes. This research work recognised a link which exists between climate change, climate smart agricultural practices (CSAP) and poverty status of farming households in North West Nigeria. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of climate smart agricultural practices on poverty status of maize farming household in the study area. This is with a view to establishing the consequences of climate variation and its influence on poverty status among rural farmers in North West Nigeria. The multi-stage, sampling techniques was used to select three hundred and twenty (320) respondents who provided the relevant primary data for this study through a set of pre-tested structured questionnaires. The data were analysed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and with instrumental variable of a probit regression model. The regression analysis result shows that CSAP has effect on poverty status of maize rural farming household in Sokoto State were maize enterprises decreases the odds or probability of being poor significantly. Study recommended that Governmental and farmers' organisations can fashion out a favourable training workshop to inspire the low-users of CSA to improve on their performance. Also, the rural farmers should be encouraged to develop interest in CSAP, like the empowerment programmes instituted by the government through Agricultural Development Project (ADP). The policies on informal education should be enhanced and enforced in the curriculum to meet the CSAP challenges. Extension delivery system approach should be upgraded to meet the present information age. The study therefore recommends that massive campaigns be made by government, civil societies and the media to create awareness about CSAP and to proffer indigenous solutions that address the issue of low-users and the constraints being faced.

Farming techniques in sub-Saharan African is not progressing at the same stride with advancement of modern agriculture practice. The resultant effects are obscenest and foulest recital in agricultural productivity which culminate in food insecurity, impoverishment and deprived national economy. This study examined climate smart agricultural practices among maize farmers in Funtua agricultural development zone of Katsina State. Primary data was collected with the aid of structured and pre-tested questionnaire administered to One hundred and sixty respondents using multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaire administration was done by the researchers abetted by trained enumerators. Data collected from respondents was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Socio-economic diagnosis shows that the mean age of the respondents was 48 years. This suggests that majority of the maize CSAP practioners in the study area are in their youthful age and mainly (53%) are fully involved in maize farming with majority (75%) having more than 11 years maize farming experience. This implies that most of the maize farmers are energetic, this can translate to better performance in maize farming activities. The majority of the farmers (68%) are educated. This would further enhanced in espousal of CSAP technology. The study further revealed that the most CSAP techniques in the study area is minimum tillage and mixed farming as used by 90% of the respondents, while about 85% of the maize farmers interviewed practiced cover cropping. Inferential statistics reveals that coefficient of multiple determination R-squared value of 51.5%. Three out of seven exogenous variables were significant, these are Household size, farm size and education. Household size was negatively significant (P < 0.01). It implies that an increase in the size of the farming household would decrease the practice of CSAP in the study area. Education was positively significant (P<0.01). This connotes that advancement in farmers education will influence the practice of CSAP in the study area. Farm size was positively (P < 0.1). This implies that an increase in the farm size will stimulate the practice of CSAP among the maize farmers. The study concludes that there are ample evidences of CSAP activities among maize farmers in Funtua agricultural zone. The study recommends that bottleneck occasioned from non-availability of land for maize production should be tackled through government intervention. Knowledge update with respect to CSAP farming techniques should be championed by the farmers' group and agricultural institutions. Household size should be regulated and synchronized with focus on agricultural productivity.

Rural economy in Nigeria is worst hit with the erratic and unpredictable factors that affect agricultural practice which is the main livelihood of the rural farm households. Consequently, farmers are left with the option of sourcing other means of survival to cope with the hard times due to in consistent and seasonal distribution of income which characterize small farm holders in sub-Saharan African countries. This study investigates the factor influencing the livelihood income diversification among rural farm households in Osun state, Nigeria. Multi stage sampling techniques was employed to sample120 structured and pre-tested questionnaires from 120 rural farm households. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that household heads of age range 50-60 years are 38.6% and about 40.70% had primary education while 26.30% had no education. About 98.31% of the rural households engaged in farming out of which 80.57% have farm size ranging between 1-3 hacters. Logit regression analysis shows that access to credit was positively significant (P<0.05) which implies that farmers that have access to credit were more likelihood to have income diversification. Age of the farmers was negatively significant (P<0.1). It connotes that the older the farmers the lesser the likelihood to income diversification. Income equivalent of household was positively significant (P<0.1). Access to electricity was positively significant (P<0.05). This implies that access to electricity increase farmer’s likelihood to income diversification. The off-farm income analysis shows that education and farm size were respectively negative and

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