Farming techniques in sub-Saharan African is not progressing at the same stride with advancement of modern agriculture practice. The resultant effects are obscenest and foulest recital in agricultural productivity which culminate in food insecurity, impoverishment and deprived national economy. This study examined climate smart agricultural practices among maize farmers in Funtua agricultural development zone of Katsina State. Primary data was collected with the aid of structured and pre-tested questionnaire administered to One hundred and sixty respondents using multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaire administration was done by the researchers abetted by trained enumerators. Data collected from respondents was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Socio-economic diagnosis shows that the mean age of the respondents was 48 years. This suggests that majority of the maize CSAP practioners in the study area are in their youthful age and mainly (53%) are fully involved in maize farming with majority (75%) having more than 11 years maize farming experience. This implies that most of the maize farmers are energetic, this can translate to better performance in maize farming activities. The majority of the farmers (68%) are educated. This would further enhanced in espousal of CSAP technology. The study further revealed that the most CSAP techniques in the study area is minimum tillage and mixed farming as used by 90% of the respondents, while about 85% of the maize farmers interviewed practiced cover cropping. Inferential statistics reveals that coefficient of multiple determination R-squared value of 51.5%. Three out of seven exogenous variables were significant, these are Household size, farm size and education. Household size was negatively significant (P < 0.01). It implies that an increase in the size of the farming household would decrease the practice of CSAP in the study area. Education was positively significant (P<0.01). This connotes that advancement in farmers education will influence the practice of CSAP in the study area. Farm size was positively (P < 0.1). This implies that an increase in the farm size will stimulate the practice of CSAP among the maize farmers. The study concludes that there are ample evidences of CSAP activities among maize farmers in Funtua agricultural zone. The study recommends that bottleneck occasioned from non-availability of land for maize production should be tackled through government intervention. Knowledge update with respect to CSAP farming techniques should be championed by the farmers' group and agricultural institutions. Household size should be regulated and synchronized with focus on agricultural productivity.

Rural economy in Nigeria is worst hit with the erratic and unpredictable factors that affect agricultural practice which is the main livelihood of the rural farm households. Consequently, farmers are left with the option of sourcing other means of survival to cope with the hard times due to in consistent and seasonal distribution of income which characterize small farm holders in sub-Saharan African countries. This study investigates the factor influencing the livelihood income diversification among rural farm households in Osun state, Nigeria. Multi stage sampling techniques was employed to sample120 structured and pre-tested questionnaires from 120 rural farm households. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that household heads of age range 50-60 years are 38.6% and about 40.70% had primary education while 26.30% had no education. About 98.31% of the rural households engaged in farming out of which 80.57% have farm size ranging between 1-3 hacters. Logit regression analysis shows that access to credit was positively significant (P<0.05) which implies that farmers that have access to credit were more likelihood to have income diversification. Age of the farmers was negatively significant (P<0.1). It connotes that the older the farmers the lesser the likelihood to income diversification. Income equivalent of household was positively significant (P<0.1). Access to electricity was positively significant (P<0.05). This implies that access to electricity increase farmer’s likelihood to income diversification. The off-farm income analysis shows that education and farm size were respectively negative and

ABSTRACT:The paper investigates the socio economic assessment of urban forestry respondents' income in Okitipupa, Nigeria. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and these were administered to 200 urban forestry respondents. Data were collected on socioeconomic characteristics viz: age, gender, marital status, educational status, credit access and other household variables. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression models. Results revealed that the average age of the respondent was estimated to be 47 years. Majority of respondents (56.40%) falls within the ages of 31-40, while those whose ages were above 60years were 06.98%. Multiple Regression Model revealed that age, education, experience, gender and farm size have significant relationship (p<0.01) with income of respondents. Higher income would significantly lead to larger amount of donation for urban forestry programme. In order to encourage the respondents, the government should create enabling environment and publicized the importance of forest in urban settlement. Education should be made available to the urban dwellers at the grass root level. ©JASEM

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The study investigates willingness to pay for extension service delivery among crop farmers in Katsina State, Nigeria. Primary data from a cross section of 260 farmers through multi stage random-sampling techniques were used. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and probit model. The results from the socio-economics of the farmers show that majority of the farmers (76.4%) fall within the productive age of 31-50years. The crop farmers were male dominated (86.4%). The result from the probit analysis shows that the Age of the farmers were negatively significant (P<0.01) on the willingness to pay. This implies that the older the farmer the lesser the likelihood to pay for extension service. Farmer's income and proportion of commodity sold were positively significant (P<0.01). This implies that as the income of the farmers increase the more likelihood the farmer pay for the extension service. Also, as the proportion of commodity sold increase the more likelihood the farmer to pay for extension service. Land ownership is negatively significant (P<0.10), while the household size is negatively significant (P<0.05). These indicate that owning a land reduce the likelihood of payment for the extension service delivery. In addition, as the household size increases the likelihood to pay for extension service delivery decrease. The study concludes that farmers are willing to pay for extension service and also recommends that efficient machinery should be put in place on marketing of farmer's produce. Government should encourage Young people into crop farming.