Background and objective: Chronic diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation and oxidative damage. Traditional medicines have been used to manage these disorders due to their high polyphenol content and potent antioxidant activity. We evaluated the in-vitro anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential of extracts of several medicinal plants namely, Mangifera indica, Terminalia arjuna, Moringa oleifera, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia chebula and Hippophae rhamnoides. Methods: Total polyphenol, flavonoid, and saponin contents were estimated by standard methods. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The anti-diabetic potential was evaluated using in-vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Background and objective: Chronic diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation and oxidative damage. Traditional medicines have been used to manage these disorders due to their high polyphenol content and potent antioxidant activity. We evaluated the in-vitro anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential of extracts of several medicinal plants namely, Mangifera indica, Terminalia arjuna, Moringa oleifera, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia chebula and Hippophae rhamnoides. Methods: Total polyphenol, flavonoid, and saponin contents were estimated by standard methods. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The anti-diabetic potential was evaluated using in-vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Results: Terminalia chebula was found to be the richest in both polyphenols (566.5±21.9 µg Gallic acid equivalents/mg of dry weight) and flavonoids (190.67±10.78 quercetin equivalents/mg of dry weight). Extract of Terminalia arjuna was the richest source of saponins (171.92±12.48 μg saponin equivalents/mg of dry weight). All plant extracts showed potent anti-oxidant activity as reflected by their IC50 values in DPPH assay, with Albizia lebbeck (IC50 = 1.35 µg/ml) being the most potent. All plant extracts also showed potent anti-diabetic activity as inferred from their ability to inhibit αglucosidase, the principal enzyme involved in the metabolism of dietary carbohydrates in the intestine. It was observed that all tested extracts were more potent (IC50 2.53 to 227 µg/ml) in comparison to the standard α-glucosidase inhibitor Acarbose (IC50=2.7 mg/ml). Conclusions: The plant extracts of Mangifera indica, Terminalia arjuna, Moringa oleifera, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia chebula,and Hippophae rhamnoides possess potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and can aid in the management of postprandial hyperglycemia and oxidative damage. Conclusions: The plant extracts of Mangifera indica, Terminalia arjuna, Moringa oleifera, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia chebula,and Hippophae rhamnoides possess potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and can aid in the management of postprandial hyperglycemia and oxidative damage.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among other types of cancer due to lack of effective treatments and late diagnosis. Nanocarriers represent a novel method to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs, enhancing their bioavailability and stability. Methods: In the present study, we loaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) with ERL to investigate the efficiency of the formed composite in inducing apoptosis in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay and cell phase distribution was assessed by Flow Cytometry along with apoptosis detection. Results: Data obtained indicated the efficiency of the formed composite to significantly induce cell death and arrest cell cycle and G2/M phase. IRF4 was downregulated after treatment with loaded ERL. Conclusion: Our data showed that loading ERL on TiO2NPs was more efficient than AuNPs, however, both nanocarriers were efficient compared with control.

Background: Surgical site infections are the commonest type of healthcare-associated infections in patients undergoing surgery, with higher overall cost and prolonged duration of hospital stay, although they are largely preventable. Objectives:The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of surgical site infections at Mansoura Gastrointestinal Surgical Center amongst patients undergoing colonic, pancreatic and rectal surgery, also to determine bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of obtained isolates.Methods: Between May 2019 and April 2020, swabs were collected from infected surgical wounds. Microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were done by Vitek 2 system. All the data were collected using national electronic data surveillance system (NEDSS) developed by CDC and implemented by an active infection control team inside the hospital. Results:The mean incidence of surgical site infections in our facility was 26.1 %. SSI have occurred more in colon surgery 37.3%, than in pancreatic 33.7% and gastric surgery 23.6% with a high overall incidence of Organ/Space SSI than superficial and deep SSI.E. coli was the commonest organism (40.6%), followed by Klebsiella (28.1%) and Pseudomonas (10.9%). An antibiogram was defined for all bacterial isolates obtained from surgical wounds to be considered in empirical antibiotic selection. Conclusion:The incidence of SSI in patients undergoing colonic, pancreatic, and gastric surgery in our study was within values generally reported in other studies. Although SSIs cannot be completely eliminated, it can be reduced to minimal by proper adherence to infection control guidelines together with the implementation of an adequate antibiotic policy.