The most common infections in human beings are caused by intestinal parasites. They can lead to a number of harmful effects, which could include, among others, intestinal obstruction, malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia, diarrhea, and poor absorption. In Brazil, enteroparasites are one of the main public health issues. The present study aims at analyzing the distribution and frequency of enteroparasite occurrence in 635 children from seven community schools in the city of Guarapuava, Paraná (PR). In addition, we used similarity and diversity indices to analyze the parasite community. We found 475 samples with at least one parasite showing that 75.27% of children had enteroparasites. A smaller fraction (26.73%) of children harbored several parasites (multiparasitism), especially Giardia duodenalis (56%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (18%). Statistical analysis showed that three (out of seven) children communities had higher similarity in frequency and amount of parasites. Our results suggest that the children studied were highly infected by enteroparasites. These levels of infestation could be related to several factors, such as climate, social and economic conditions and characteristics of the parasites.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo detectar os casos novos de hanseníase do período de 1998 a 2005 no município de Prudentópolis, PR. Assim como, verificar a faixa etária e a forma clínica predominante entre os casos de hanseníase. Os dados foram obtidos através das fichas clínico-epidemiológicas de casos com diagnóstico definitivo de hanseníase notificado no Sistema de Informação sobre Agravos de Notificação, de 1998 a 2005. Neste período, foram relatados 222 casos de hanseníase, dos quais 63% apresentavam a forma multibacilar, com predominância da forma clínica virchowiana, indicando um processo de intensa transmissão da doença. Dos casos de hanseníase, 35% dos pacientes se encontravam na faixa economicamente ativa, 31 a 45 anos. Esses indicadores apontam para uma elevada circulação do bacilo na comunidade, já que um fator de risco para infecção pelo bacilo Mycobacterium Leprae é o contato com pacientes com a forma multibacilar, sem tratamento, embora nas duas últimas décadas, tenha havido redução drástica da prevalência da hanseníase pela implementação da poliquimioterapia e outras medidas preventivas.
As infecções urinárias são as mais comuns durante a gravidez, sendo favorecidas pelas mudanças fisiológicas e anatômicas que ocorrem nas gestantes. Tendo em vista os riscos que tais infecções representam para a mãe e para o feto e as inúmeras falhas em tratamentos com antibióticos, o que muitas vezes resulta na resistência bacteriana a esses medicamentos, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os agentes causadores de infecção do trato urinário em gestantes atendidas na Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Prudentópolis, Paraná e investigar a sensibilidade antimicrobiana frente aos antibióticos Ciprofloxacina, Nitrofurantoina, Gentamicina, Norfloxacina, Ampicilina e Oxacilina, a partir de amostras de urina proveniente de gestantes atendidas na Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Prudentópolis, Paraná. Foram analisadas 50 amostras de urina e encontrou-se uma prevalência de 90% de Escherichia coli e 10% de Proteus mirabilis. Essas bactérias apresentaram uma maior sensibilidade aos antibióticos Ciprofloxacina, Nitrofurantoína, Norfloxacina e Gentamicina, resultados semelhantes aos obtidos em pesquisas realizadas por outros autores. E. coli continua sendo a bactéria mais isolada em infecções do trato urinário em gestantes, e é importante ressaltar a importância da realização do antibiograma para garantir a eficácia do tratamento. Palavras-chave: Gravidez. Infecção urinária. Antibiograma.Urinary infections are the most common ones during pregnancy, being favored by the physiological and anatomical changes that occur in pregnant women. Having in mind the risks that such infections represent to the mothers and their babies, and also the numerous failure in the treatment with antibiotics, which may result in bacterial resistance to these kinds of medicine, the aim of this work is to identify the causing agents of urinary tract infections in pregnant women assisted at the hospital called Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia in Prudentópolis, Paraná. It also aims at investigating the antimicrobial sensitivity to the following antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Gentamicin,
The objective of this research was to evaluate the response of wheat plants to the application of possible elicitor compounds against Bipolaris sorokiniana pathogen. This response was measured through the quantification of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde and flavonoids, evaluation of the severity of brown spot disease and productivity in wheat, greenhouse and field crops. The treatments consisted of suspensions of endophytic fungi Aspergillus japonicus and Trichoderma tomentosum, salicylic acid, acibenzolar-S-methyl and fungicide. In the field trials, in 2015 and 2016, the development of the disease was lower and productivity was higher in all treatments, with emphasis on the fungicide. However, endophytic fungi suspensions demonstrated potential as growth promoters, disease severity reducers and protective antioxidant response activators, as they promoted significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and flavonoid enzymes.
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