Impaired wound healing is one of the unsolved problems of modern medicine, affecting patients’ quality of life and causing serious economic losses. Impaired wound healing can manifest itself in the form of chronic skin wounds or hypertrophic scars. Research on the biology and physiology of skin wound healing disorders is actively continuing, but, unfortunately, a single understanding has not been developed. The attention of clinicians to the biological and physiological aspects of wound healing in the skin is necessary for the search for new and effective methods of prevention and treatment of its consequences. In addition, it is important to update knowledge about genetic and non-genetic factors predisposing to impaired wound healing in order to identify risk levels and develop personalized strategies for managing such patients. Wound healing is a very complex process involving several overlapping stages and involving many factors. This thematic review focuses on the extracellular matrix of the skin, in particular its role in wound healing. The authors analyzed the results of fundamental research in recent years, finding promising potential for their transition into real clinical practice.
One of the most important functions of the skin, i.e., protection from mechanical damage, is ensured by collagen fibers and their interaction with other elements in the extracellular matrix. Collagen fiber turnover is a complex multi-stage process. At each stage, a disruption may occur, leading to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the connective tissue. Clinically, collagen formation disorders manifest themselves as increased flabbiness and looseness of the skin and as early signs of facial aging. In addition to the clinical picture, it is important for cosmetologists and dermatologists to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of collagenopathies. In our review, we summarized and systematized the available information concerning the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in skin collagen fiber turnover. Furthermore, we focused on the functions of different types of collagens present in the skin. Understanding the etiology of impaired collagen formation can allow doctors to prescribe pathogenetically based treatments, achieve the most effective results, and minimize adverse reactions.
3 ФБУН «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского», Москва, Россия РЕЗЮМЕ В последние годы наблюдается небывалый рост процедур контурной инъекционной пластики (КИП), проведенных с целью омоложения или коррекции эстетических дефектов лица. При правильном выборе препаратов, показаний и соблюдении техники проведения процедур результат коррекции эстетически значим, имеет короткий период реабилитации и пролонгированный эффект. Несмотря на то что, по данным производителей, дермальные филлеры безопасны, после их введения могут возникать нежелательные реакции и осложнения. Для их профилактики и адекватного лечения необходима полная осведомленность врача в этом вопросе. В статье представлен случай нестандартного течения осложнения после введения филлера в области лица. Выделены ключевые моменты диагностики и лечения такого типа пациентов. Причинами осложнений подобного рода после КИП могут быть нарушение правил асептики и антисептики при выполнении манипуляций, собственно инфицированный гель или наличие соматической хронической инфекционной патологии. Описанный случай не является единственным в эстетической практике. КИП, связанная с введением филлеров (а по сути инородного тела), может спровоцировать активацию хронического вялотекущего воспаления в форму острого процесса с циркуляцией микроорганизмов в кровотоке. В результате при хроническом воспалении (особенно в зубочелюстной системе) формируется транзиторная бактериемия, резистентная к стандартным комплексным методам лечения, с последующим торпидным течением, которая усугубляется на фоне хирургической манипуляции (в данном случае КИП). Показано, что при проведении КИП следует уделять особое внимание наличию соматической патологии, включая очаги хронической инфекции, и соблюдению правил асептики и антисептики во время манипуляции. В случаях возникновения воспалительного процесса и неэффективности стандартного комплексного лечения требуются дополнительные высокоинформативные клинико-лабораторные методы исследования, позволяющие оценить иммунный статус пациента, диагностировать наличие микроорганизмов в кровотоке и назначить индивидуально оптимизированную терапию.Ключевые слова: контурная инъекционная пластика, дермальные филлеры, осложнения.
Our study aimed to develop a comprehensive approach to the management of patients with involutional skin changes, considering the predictors of premature skin aging. The study included two stages, whereby 78 women with no history of aesthetic procedures that could have affected their perceived age were examined. In the first stage, we examined factors associated with premature skin aging. In the second stage, a blind, comparative placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of intradermal injections for the treatment of involutional skin changes was conducted. Parameters reflecting skin aging were identified. The sum of these parameters could be used to diagnose premature skin aging in patients with no history of aesthetic treatment. For other patients, we developed indicators that can be applied to determine whether there is a risk of premature skin aging. Patients with premature aging have an increased risk of adverse events, such as impaired regeneration and wound healing, postprocedural hematomas, etc. For the correction of involutional skin changes in patients with premature aging, the collagen product (Collost) had the greatest clinical efficiency and the greatest patient satisfaction. A complex product based on HA (Teosyal Redensity 1) had comparable efficiency, with slightly less patient satisfaction. The product based on native HA (Hyon 1.8%) had low efficiency in the group of patients with premature aging and high efficiency in the group of patients with normal aging.
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