Over the past decade, amine-loaded solid adsorbents for capturing CO2 from power plants have been widely studied. Various nitrogen (N) sources have been used for this purpose, and the current range of adsorbents, referred to here as N-functionalized solid adsorbent (NFSAs), are the subject of this review. The main synthesis methods of NFSAs are described and recent progress in the field discussed. Criteria for improving NFSA performance are highlighted with reference to a variety of solid supports, providing guidance on the selection of highly efficient, inexpensive adsorbents. A thorough assessment of adsorption mechanisms and factors influencing the adsorption process is given. The review concludes by exploring future research and development opportunities, as well as pathways for commercializing NFSAs.

The key challenge in postcombustion capture from gas-fired power plants is related to the low CO 2 concentration in the flue gas (4−8% by volume). This means that conventional amine processes will result in a relatively high energy penalty, whereas novel adsorbents and adsorption processes have the potential to improve the efficiency of separation. High-selectivity adsorbents are required to achieve relatively high CO 2 uptake at low partial pressures, which means that the separation process should be based on either very strong physisorption or chemisorption with thermal regeneration. From the process point of view, the main challenge is to develop efficient separation processes with rapid thermal cycles. In this report we present a detailed overview of the methodology behind the development of novel materials and processes as part of the "Adsorption Materials and Processes for Gas-fired power plants" (AMPGas) project. Examples from a wide variety of materials tested are presented, and the design of an innovative bench-scale 12-column rotary wheel adsorber system is discussed. The strategy to design, characterize, and test novel materials (zeolites, amine-containing MOFs, amine-based silicas, amine-based activated carbons, and carbon nanotubes), specifically designed for CO 2 capture from dilute streams is presented.

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The main issue for the development of CO 2 capture in industry is its high energy cost. In this work, the regeneration of the chemical solvent 3-(diethylamino)propylamine (DEAPA) with or without catalyst was studied to further reduce the energy consumption. Three different catalysts (SAPO-34, MCM-41, and SO 4 2− /TiO 2 ) were applied into the DEAPA system to enhance the energy efficiency by lowering the heat cost per mole of CO 2 released in a CO 2 stripping process. The results show that solely DEAPA (without catalyst) can increase the CO 2 desorption rate by 37.28%, increase the cyclic capacity by 38.02%, and reduce the heat duty by 14.85% compared to 5 M monoethanolnamine (MEA). In addition, for the catalyst− DEAPA systems, DEAPA-SAPO-34, DEAPA-MCM-41, and DEAPA-SO 4 2− /TiO 2 could lower the heat duty by 33.08%, 27.79%, and 22.41%, respectively, relative to 5 M MEA. The SAPO-34 catalyst also shows a better efficiency for increasing the CO 2 desorption rate and cyclic capacity compared to the other two catalysts used. Moreover, a possible catalytic mechanism for CO 2 desorption from the DEAPA−catalyst system is proposed based on the results from catalyst characterization. Through comparing the parameters of each catalyst, it can be inferred that the mesopore surface area (MSA) and the total acid sites (TAS) are the critical factors for an efficient catalyst. The combination of MAS*TAS could especially act as a key value to evaluate the performance of a catalyst for catalytic CO 2 desorption.