Sungai Citarum merupakan sungai utama yang ada di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi. Di bagian hilir, Sungai Citarum ini banyak melewati daerah pemukiman padat penduduk, daerah industri, dan bahkan pesawahan. Oleh karena itu, perlu kajian mengenai kondisi Sungai Citarum salah satunya dengan mengidentifikasi parameter electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolve solid (TDS), pH dan suhu serta karakteristik mineral magnetik pada sedimen melalui analisis sifat magnetik, mineralogi dan morfologi magnetiknya. Pengukuran parameter EC, TDS, pH dan suhu dilakukan secara in situ pada sampel air Sungai Citarum, pengukuran sifat magnetik dilakukan pada sampel sedimen yang telah dipreprasi, sedangkan pengukuran mineralogi dan morfologi dilakukan pada sampel sedimen yang telah diekstraksi. Sifat magnetik sedimen diketahui dari nilai suseptibilitas magnetik dual frekuensi yang diukur menggunakan Bartington Magnetik Susceptibilitymeter, sedangkan mineralogi dan morfologi magnetik diketahui berdasarkan hasil pengukuran scanning electron microscope–energy disperdsive x-ray (SEM-EDS) dan x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Hasil pengukuran secara in situ pada sampel air menunjukkan bahwa rentang nilai EC, TDS, pH dan suhu berturut-turut adalah (200–4120) mS/cm, (100–2060) ppt, 7,34–9,22, dan (26,8–32,6) oC. Sedangkan, hasil pengukuran sifat magnetik menunjukkan bahwa sampel sedimen Sungai Citarum bagian hilir memiliki nilai suseptibilitas magnetik frekuensi rendah (cLF) dengan rentang (65,00–173,80) x 10-8 m3/kg, sedangkan rentang nilai suseptibilitas magnetik frekuensi tinggi (cHF) adalah (64,90–165,70) x 10-8 m3/kg. Dari kedua pengukuran cLF dan cHF diperoleh rentang nilai cFD (%) sebesar 0,15–4,66. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis morfologi dari citra SEM-EDS dan analisis mineralogi berdasarkan pengukuran XRD menunjukkan dominasi jenis mineral magnetik pada sampel sedimen adalah magnetit. Mineral magnetit ini memiliki morfologi berbentuk oktahedral sebagai representasi mineral magnetik alami dan ada pula yang berbentuk spherule sebagai representasi mineral magnetik karena adanya proses oksidasi akibat kehadiran material antropogenik pada sedimen Sungai Citarum bagian hilir.
Sungai Citarum merupakan salah satu sungai yang menunjang kehidupan sebagian besar masyarakat Jawa Barat. Akan tetapi, dampak kegiatan manusia telah membuat Sungai Citarum sebagai sungai yang tercemar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi wilayah hulu Sungai Citarum dengan melakukan pengukuran multi parameter terhadap kondisi air di Sungai Citarum Hulu dan air sumur warga sekitar, terutama Sektor 7. Wilayah penelitian ini secara administratif berada di Desa Pangauban, Kecamatan Katapang, Kabupaten Bandung. Sampel yang diuji pada penelitian ini adalah sampel air sungai dan sampel air sumur milik warga yang tinggal di sekitar Sungai Citarum sebanyak masing-masing enam titik lokasi pengamatan. Hasil pengukuran parameter hidrologi dan kandungan logam berat pada sampel air sungai dan air sumur menunjukan bahwa nilai pH, suhu, dan TDS masih di bawah ambang batas tercemar, sedangkan nilai EC menunjukkan bahwa air sumur dan air sungai telah tercemar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan analisa kandungan logam berat yang dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat kandungan logam besi (Fe) yang cukup tinggi di atas ambang batas air bersih sehingga air tersebut tidak dapat di konsumsi bagi warga, baik untuk air sungai maupun air sumur. Citarum River is one of the rivers that supports the lives of most of the people of West Java. However, the impact of human activities has made the Citarum River a polluted river in the world. This research was conducted to determine the condition of the upstream area of the Citarum River by conducting multi-parameter measurements to water conditions in the Upstream Citarum River Sector 7 and the wells of the surrounding residents. This research area is administratively located in Pangauban Village, Ketapang District, Bandung Regency. The samples tested in this study were river water samples at six observation locations and well water samples belonging to the residents living around the Citarum River as many as six observation location points. The results of measurements of hydrological parameters and heavy metal content in river and well water samples indicate that the pH, temperature, and TDS values are still below the polluted threshold, while the EC values indicate that well water and river water have been polluted. This is evidenced by the analysis of heavy metal content which can be seen that there is a high metal content of iron (Fe) above the threshold of clean water so that the water cannot be consumed by residents, both for river water and well water.Kata kunci : hidrologi, logam berat, Sungai Citarum
Soil contains lithogenic components as well as anthropogenic components including combustion residues from traffic activities. The high traffic activities in major cities such as Bandung have caused the air pollution level to increase significantly. These activities might also produce significant combustion residues that accumulate, among others, in the topsoils. Compared with lithogenic components in topsoil, the anthropogenic combustion residues might have different magnetic signatures that could be detected by magnetic measurements. In this study, 38 topsoil samples from 19 roadside sampling points in Bandung City were collected and magnetically analysed to map the magnetic signatures due to traffic activities. The samples were measured for magnetic susceptibility using Bartington MS2B Susceptibility Meter and hysteresis parameter analysed from Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The results show that the values of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χLF) vary from 391.20 to 1835.20×10-8 m3/kg with the average value of 1012.16 × 10-8 m3/kg while the values of frequency dependent susceptibility (χFD%) vary from 0.54% to 4.48% with the average value of 1.9%. The relatively high value of magnetic susceptibility indicates higher concentration of magnetic minerals compared to that of pristine topsoil around Bandung. This is in agreement with similar studies on roadside topsoil elsewhere. The poor correlation between mass-specific magnetic susceptibility and frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility infers that the magnetic minerals are predominantly non superparamagnetic. This finding is supported by magnetic hysteresis parameters showing that the predominant grains are likely to be pseudo-single domain (PSD) if magnetite is assumed to be the predominant magnetic mineral. Similar studies in German and China reported that the predominant magnetic mineral is mixture of single domain to multi domain magnetite.
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