There are many native fruits in Peru containing essential nutrients for health and that have not been fully studied. The objective of this research was to determine the physicochemical, nutritional and morphological characteristics of five varieties of native fruits from the central Andean region and the northern Peruvian jungle: goldenberry (Physalis peruviana), sanky (Corryocactus brevistylus), cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum), yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus) and camu camu (Myrciaria dubia). The fruits were washed, peeled, pulped, fleshed, and lyophilized, to determine, using standardized analytical methods, the nutrient content, such as vitamin C, fiber, soluble solids. The goldenberry, sanky and camu camu fruits presented the highest vitamin C content (43.0, 57.1 and 2,780 mg per 100g of fresh weight, respectively), while cocona and pitahaya had 4.54 and 8.0 mg per 100g of fresh weight, respectively. The goldenberry and pitahaya (26.85 and 9.75%) yielded the highest content of reducing sugars. At the same time, goldenberry and cocona reported the highest fiber values (4.9 and 2.5%, respectively). Regarding the content of soluble solids (°Brix), pitahaya and goldenberry showed the highest values (16.2 and 13.3 respectively). In conclusion, the results obtained show that the native fruits studied represent an important source of nutrients that can be beneficial for human health.

La extracción por ultrasonido permite recuperar sustancias bioactivas de los residuos agroindustriales, además es una técnica rápida, limpia y amigable con el medio ambiente. Se realizó la extracción de componentes fenólicos por ultrasonido a las cáscaras del fruto del sanky (Corryocactus brevistylus). Esta planta es una cactácea que crece en los Andes del Perú y su fruto es consumido por las comunidades. La cáscara de sanky reportó: humedad 10,74 %; proteína 9,19 %; cenizas 14,75 %; grasa 2,68 %; fibra 16,39 % y extracto libre de nitrógeno 46,25 %. En las semillas, se encontró 207,81 ppm de calcio, 39,36 ppm de hierro y 9,4 ppm de zinc. Para la extracción se evaluaron tres factores y cada uno en tres niveles: concentración del solvente etanol (40, 50 y 60 %), tiempo (20, 30 y 40 minutos) y temperatura (25, 35 y 45 °C). Se empleó el diseño de Box Behnken, reportando 15 ensayos experimentales. Se evaluó los polifenoles totales por el método de Folin Ciocalteau. El tratamiento M11 (50 % v/v de etanol, 40 minutos y 25 °C) reportó 43,9 mg ácido gálico/g muestra seca y fue el más eficiente. Los siguientes tres tratamientos M3 (60%v/v, 40 minutos, 35 °C); M6 (40%v/v, 30 minutos, 45 °C) y M9 (50%v/v, 20 minutos, 25 °C) reportaron valores de 31,5; 32,9 y 32,6 mg ácido gálico/g muestra seca, respectivamente, y no tuvieron diferencias significativas. La variable más importante fue el tiempo de extracción, luego la concentración del solvente. El objetivo fue determinar las variables de concentración de solvente, tiempo y temperatura en la extracción asistida por ultrasonido para recuperar los componentes fenólicos de la cáscara de sanky.

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Pitahaya, known as "dragon fruit", is an exotic fruit with excellent nutritional properties; however, the species from the Peruvian coast have been little studied. The objective of the present study was to determine the physicochemical and nutritional composition of two species of pitahaya Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt and Rose (red pitahaya) and Hylocereus megalanthus (yellow pitahaya), cultivated in the central coast of Peru. Proximal analysis, physicochemical and mineral contents were determined by standardized methods. From the results found, the fiber content of red pitahaya (4.30 ± 0.75 g.100 g-1) and vitamin C (14.74 ± 0.53 mg.100 g-1) stand out. The macroelement with the highest proportion corresponded to potassium (215.83 ± 11.72 and 98.41 ± 5.54 mg.100 g-1, for red and yellow pitahaya, respectively). This was followed by phosphorus (28.70 ± 0.28 and 17.99 ± 1.48 mg.100 g-1, for red and yellow pitahaya, respectively) and magnesium (29.88 ± 0.53 and 16.09 ± 2.80 mg.100 g-1, for red and yellow pitahaya, respectively). Regarding the content of microelements, the contents of manganese (5.48 ± 0.1 mg.kg-1) and zinc (5.39 ± 0.25 mg.kg-1) for red pitahaya stood out; and in the case of yellow pitahaya, the highest values corresponded to iron (21.07 ± 0.18 mg.kg-1) and manganese (7.49 ± 1.12 mg.kg-1). The study concluded that red and yellow pitahaya fruits represent an important source of fiber, minerals and vitamin C and they can be used for the benefit of human health and nutrition.