Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to clarify whether value created by real estate (RE) companies (tangible intensive firms) can be evaluated better using intellectual capital (IC) elements (human, structural and physical assets) or traditional accounting measures of efficiency (ROIC and profit margins). Design/methodology/approach-Correlations and cross-sectional OLS regressions with robust standard errors were used to find relationships between variables explaining value creation. Data were collected from 2007 to 2011 for Brazilian RE firms. To measure market risk, the authors used a new approach to deal with low liquidity. VAIC and I j ratios were used as IC proxies even though both have limitations. Findings-IC has a significant inverse relationship with market value. The more valuable companies showed lower levels of IC except for CEE which explains value as much as ROIC. Also, IC does not influence market risk caused by size and leverage and does not explain ROIC. Research limitations/implications-The limitations of this study result from time and proxy variables. IC was measured by a VAIC model using data from a period of intense volatility. To increase the robustness of the conclusions, other variables should be used as proxies for IC and the results compared. The VAIC model has certain deficiencies in measuring IC. Practical implications-Managers and investors in the RE sector need to change the way they create value and measure value creation. The low level of HC explaining either ROIC or market value is a signal of low innovation which, combined with high CEE, induces a short-term outlook. Originality/value-This study opens discussion of IC in the Brazilian RE sector. A new methodology for identifying value creation is necessary for better evaluation and determining the fair value of firms.
Advogada imobiliária, Titular da Advocacia Lisboa e Sócia da 1SIZE Consulting. Me. em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. CPM®-Certified Property Manager/IREM®. Presidente do Capítulo Brasileiro de nº 111 do IREM-Institute of Real Estate Management. Professora da Pós Graduação da Faap e pesquisadora, autora de artigos e obras jurídicas a respeito de direito imobiliário. Fundadora e Coordenadora do GEP-Grupo de Pesquisa e Estudos do SECOVI e IREM-Brasil. Diretora do Secovi-SP.
Além da função primeira de vendas a varejo, a concepção de um Shopping Center pode prever áreas destinadas ao desenvolvimento de outras atividades, voltadas ao suprimento de funções não associadas diretamente ao comércio. (4) Referido em Lama Filho [28]. (5) O controle do volume dos negócios é feito pelo proprietário, lastreado em cláusulas contratuais, que permitem fiscalização intensiva, apesar de, na grande maioria dos casos, limitarem-se ao controle da emissão de notas fiscais, passíveis de análise comparativa entre unidades semelhantes.
Brazilian industrial market has gone through a strong period of stagnation due to the economic instability that reached the country in the 80's, together with the economic policy, closed to foreign investments. Consequently, there was lack of development in the industrial real estate sector, which reflects, today, in the small amount of new options. The majority of industrial plants that current exists in the great centers are more than 30 years old, and their technical specifications are surpassed, not attending to company needs. In addiction to that, great part of the existing spaces had been constructed for an specific occupant, with low flexibility for other uses. With the economical stability conquered by "Plano Real", from July 1994, there was a significant growth of foreign investments in Brazil. This fact has created a demand for new high quality industrial plants, by national and multinational companies in order to meet their expectations, needs and desires. From then, opportunities for entrepreneurs interested in developing new industrial real estate products rose, introducing the concept of modular shed condominiums for rent. Generally, this work approaches the conceptualization, the development and the current market performance of modular shed condominiums for rent in São Paulo's great metropolitan region. Throughout that, this work aims to show, historically, the development of these enterprises, and nowadays, this market in the great metropolitan region of São Paulo. RESUMOO mercado industrial brasileiro passou por um forte período de estagnação em função da instabilidade econômica que atingiu o país durante os anos 80, aliada à política econômica fechada a investimentos estrangeiros. Devido a isto, houve uma falta de desenvolvimento no setor imobiliário industrial, refletindo, hoje, na pequena quantidade de produtos novos, sendo que a maioria das plantas industriais existentes nos grandes centros urbanos possui mais de 30 anos e especificações técnicas muito ruins, que não atendem às atuais necessidades das empresas. Soma-se a isto o fato de grande parte do estoque existente ter sido construído para um tipo de ocupante específico, causando baixa flexibilidade de usos. Com a estabilidade econômica conquistada com o Plano Real, a partir de Julho de 1994, houve um significativo crescimento de investimentos estrangeiros no país. Este fator criou uma demanda de empresas nacionais e multinacionais por instalações industriais novas, de qualidade, que satisfizessem suas expectativas, necessidades e desejos. Daí surge oportunidades a empreendedores interessados em desenvolver novos produtos imobiliários industriais, introduzindo o conceito de condomínios de galpões modulares para locação. De uma forma geral, este trabalho aborda a conceituação, a evolução da implantação, e o desempenho atual de mercado, dos condomínios de galpões modulares para locação na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Busca-se, dessa forma, mostrar como se desenvolveu a implantação histórica desses empreendimentos e como se comporta, ...
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