Pedagogical content knowledge is consisted of two components: student knowledge, teaching strategies. Student knowledge was defined to sub-categories as connecting prior knowledge to new knowledge, noticing students' mistakes, identifying students' difficulties of understanding. The aim of this study is to examine middle school mathematics teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in terms of student knowledge regarding quadrilaterals. Interview method was used. 30 middle school mathematics teachers working at 12 different schools in Turkey participated. Content analysis was used. Results show that teachers teach lessons taking into consideration their students' previous knowledge and new knowledge they do by "reminding quadrilaterals students previously learnt" or "making association between similar quadrilaterals. The teachers pointed out the students' mistakes about quadrilaterals were group under three headings: mistakes regarding defining quadrilaterals, mistakes regarding visual property, classification of quadrilaterals, and family relation within quadrilaterals. The students' difficulties are summarized in two groups: difficulties identified related with trapezoid, difficulties identified related with other quadrilaterals. Different studies can be carried out on different pedagogical content knowledge components to examine the relationship between the results.

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to investigate mathematical thinking and reasoning processes of students. Survey method was used. Data were gathered from 262 students who graduated from eighth grade of 20 schools. Data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Open ended problems were used as data collection tool. Findings showed that primary 8 th grade students have problems to connect knowledge structures and reasoning while solving problems. Results indicated that students" reasoning processes were mainly based on their personal point of views, not on given data. According to findings it was found that students didn"t communicate with justifications and explanations. It was also found that students had difficulty to connect knowledge structures while solving a problem.Key Words: Mathematical Thinking, Reasoning, Problem Solving SUMMARYThinking and how this action is realized are one of the most common research subjects. Understanding how students think may help to understand how they learn. The purpose of this research was to investigate mathematical

ÖZ. Bu araştırmada 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin prizma, piramit, koni ve silindire ilişkin imgelerini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öğrencilerin bu cisimlere ilişkin tanımları ve görsel olarak tanımaları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan maksimum çeşitleme örneklemiyle belirlenen 20 öğrenci ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen nitel veriler analiz edilirken içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda cisimlerin yüzey özelliklerinin imgelerde ön plana çıktığı görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin tanımlarında piramitlerin taban yüzeyine bağlı aşırı özellemeler, prizmaların 3 boyutlu cisimler olarak ifadesine bağlı aşırı genellemeler görülmüştür. Prototiplere bağlı imgenin her düzey öğrencide etkili olabildiği ve kavram yanılgılarına yol açabildiği sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuçlara dayalı olarak cisimlerin öğretiminde yol gösterici ipuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler. Kavram İmgesi, Cisimler, Cisim Tanımları ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to investigate 8th students' concept images of prism, pyramid, cone and cylinder. For this purpose, students' definitions and figural recognitions of these objects were examined. Qualitative research method was used. Semi--structured interviews were conducted with 20 students chosen by maximum variation sample one of purposive sampling method. The collected qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. In finding, the properties of solids's surfaces have been found to come forward in the images. Over specialization related to pyramids' base surface and overgeneralization depend on expression of prisms were found. As a result, images depending on the prototypes could be effective in all levels of students and they could lead to misconceptions. Based on the results, in the teaching of solids it has been achieved the guiding tips. Keywords. Concept Image, Solids, Definition of Solids SUMMARY Purpose and Significance: Solids are one of the basic concepts in geometry and it is ranging from primary education to secondary education in the curriculum. In this educational process, it is important to examine if there are any problems about the concepts of solids. Because geometry education has targeted purposes and it aims to give desired gains to students. However, similar studies on elementary students are quite limited. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the structure of solids in the minds of elementary students. In this study, 8 th students' definitions and figural recognitions of prism, pyramid, cylinder and cone were examined. So, the aim of this study was to investigate 8 th students' concept images of these objects.Methods: Qualitative research method was used in the study. It was conducted with 20 students chosen by maximum variation sampling method. These students who were different academic levels, attending with their mathematics achievement and teachers' views. The data were collected by semi--structured interview. During ...

Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de problem kurma üzerine hazırlanan tezlerin tematik açıdan incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla problem kurma ile ilgili 52 lisansüstü tez incelenmiştir. 2019 yılında hazırlanan tezler sisteme yüklenmeye devam ettiği için 2018 yılına kadar hazırlanan tezler çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Tezler, doküman incelemesi yoluyla tür, yıl, enstitü, bilim dalı, örneklem türü, örneklem büyüklüğü, yöntem, desen, veri toplama araçları, araştırma konusu, çalışılan konu gibi değişkenler açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırmada veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin sunulmasında Microsoft Excel ve SPSS 21 programları kullanılarak frekans, yüzde gibi betimsel istatistiklerden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, yüksek lisans tezlerinin daha fazla sayıda olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. En çok 2018 yılında tez hazırlandığı ve son yıllarda hazırlanan tez sayısının giderek arttığı görülmüştür. İncelenen tezlerde ağırlıklı olarak nitel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Ortaokul öğrencileri ile daha fazla sayıda çalışma yürütüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Problem kurma becerileri ve başarı en sık araştırılan araştırma konularındandır. Problem kurma ile ilgili hazırlanan tezlerde en çok çalışılan konular "sayılar ve işlemler" ve "kesirler" olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda bu alanda çalışma yapmayı düşünen araştırmacılara bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.