The article deals with professional discourse which is defined as a speech in the aspect of the event, permeated with extralinguistic, sociocultural, psychological, professional and other factors, as a verbal communication aimed at theoretical and practical business problems solution and requiring special training and experience in a definite sphere of activity. The situation in professional discourse is a kind of professional knowledge presentation depending on the participants’ personal experience. The structure and the main functions of professional discourse are revealed. The fixed and stereotyped character of any professional activity gives a solid ground for professional domains conceptual linguistic modelling, viewed as a base for languages for specific purposes ideographic description. The linguistic modelling can be carried out within the framework of cognitive spheres I. “Nature”. II. “Man”. III. “Society”. IV. “Cognition (a priori)”. The developed professional discourse description model could serve both the needs of the anthropological theory of language and the need to improve the practice of professional communication in different fields.

The article is devoted to the study of the regulatory aspects of oil and gas terminology in the light of the current processes of globalization of the world economy, as well as the rapid development of the industry’s technological processes and the subsequent increase in the number of terminological units. The inconsistencies in the basic concepts of terminology standardization activities are revealed, called forth by the terms “normalization”, “unification”, “standardization”, in the Russian and international terminology practice. Terminological units are presented taking into account the degree of their normalization. The authors come to the conclusion that standardization and unification of terminologies is important for the process of scientific information exchange optimization, automation tools in information, translation, editorial and publishing activities development.

The article deals with terminological borrowing as a way to develop an oil and gas terminological system in modern conditions of globalization and developed communication technologies. The article studies the types if borrowed words, describes methods for borrowing foreign language vocabulary by national terminological systems. It analyzes structural and semantic features of borrowed terminological units. The article overviews linguistic approaches. The authors conclude that Greek and Latin morphemes which have become an international terminological basis for all European languages are often used as standard term elements in the terminological systems. Borrowing is a way used to eliminate conceptual and translation gaps.