Menstruation is the release of the endometrium with bleeding every month, except during pregnancy. Before or during menstruation, a woman may experience stiffness or abdominal cramps, mood fluctuations and other physical and psychological disorders, which is termed as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The aim of this research is to observe and value the effect of dark chocolate on clinical symptoms of PMS. This research is an experimental prospective, using experimental design with one group pre and post test. Subjects were 30 women aged 18-22 years. Every day for 2 weeks before menstruation period, subjects took 20 gram of dark chocolate, then were asked to answer questionaire. The data measured is the score as well as individual PMS symptoms before and after eating dark chocolate, was analyzed using a nonparametric Wilcoxon test, followed by McNemar chi square with α=0.05. A highly significant decrease was found in anxiety symptoms, whereas statistically significant reduction was found in fatigue or feeling tired, cramps abdominal, bloating, diarrhea, headache, back pain, change in appetite, muscle or joint pain, and problems in concentration. But the symptom of acne complaint was increased from 73.3% to 76.7%. Consumption of dark chocolate reduces premenstrual syndrome scores on women aged 18-22 years. Keywords: dark chocolate, premenstrual syndrome

Pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas yang dilaksanakan untuk memenuhi pembelajaran fisika di Sekolah Menengah Atas pada faktanya membuat pemahaman peserta didik terhadap materi fisika masih sangat kurang. Hal itu sangat berpengaruh terhadap pembelajaran yang dilakukan. Untuk itu, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas waktu pembelajaran, penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai profil penalaran ilmiah peserta didik terhadap materi fisika yaitu elastisitas menggunakan virtual lab PhET Simulation. Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis sejauh mana profil penalaran ilmiah peserta didik di Sekolah Menengah Atas melalui model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing. Metode yang digunakkan menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan desain posttest only control group. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh peserta didik Sekolah Menengah Atas kelas XI IPA 1 dan XI IPA 2. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling, sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI IPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan seluruh peserta didik kelas XI IPA 1 sebagai kelas control. Kedua kelas diberikan tes akhir (posttest) setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran inquiry di kelas eksperimen dan model pembelajaran langsung di kelas control. Hasil eksperimen menunjukan bahwa peserta didik mempunyai antusias yang baik dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran, penerapan media virtual lab berbasis PhET Simulation mempunyai tingkat kefektifitasan yang cukup baik, dan profil hasil penalaran ilmiah berbantuan PhET Simulation pada materi elastisitas dalam kategori yang baik.

IntroductionExtracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization (ESMR) is included in the guidelines only for patients with refractory angina pectoris having no option for invasive revascularization. We intend to report a case series with ESMR therapy is indicated patients with coronary artery bypass grafting-stable angina pectoris (CABG-SAP) who refuse the surgery, irrespective of angina symptoms.MethodsWe review medical records of patients with SAP admitted to ESMR therapy in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia from January 2018 to December 2019. Recorded variables at baseline and after therapy extracted, namely, (1) ischemic response, double product, and (2) functional capacity measured as metabolic equivalent (MET) using treadmill test; (3) six-minute walking test distance achieved; and (4) quality of life using SF-36 Questionnaire.ResultsA total of four indicated patients with CABG-SAP from 50 to 75 years old were included in this study. At baseline, one patient is CCS class I and two patients are CCS class II with SDS ranging from 3 to 17. Ischemic response improved in all the patients. The double product improved in patient 1 9,600–14,872 mm Hg × bpm, patient 2 9,460–10,640 mm Hg × bpm, and patient 4 17,220–20,480 mm Hg × bpm. The functional capacity improved in Patient 1 8.07–8.91 METs, patient 2 1.91–4.01 METs, patient 3 3.45–6.39 METs, and patient 4 3.9–4.43 METs. The 6-min walking distance improved in patient 1 540–570 m and patient 2 345–405 m. The CCS class, bodily pain, and general health domain scores improved in all patients.ConclusionESMR therapy might be beneficial for indicated patients with CABG-SAP to improve ischemic response, functional capacity, and physical component of quality of life.