The relevance of this article is caused by the versatile interest to the problem of transformation in the process of translation, which usually comes as a tradition in the theory and practice of translation. However, most of the researches are devoted to the process of translation from English into Russian and vice versa. The problem of translation from Tatar into Turkish is virtually unexplored today. Therefore, this article is concentrated at identifying and studying the types and characteristics of lexical transformations based on the translation samples of the Tatar literature. The leading approach to the problem is a systematic one, which includes the study of theoretical aspects of translation transformations reflected in the works of domestic and foreign researchers. It also assumes analysis of lexical transformations identified in under study translations, based on the theoretical framework mentioned above. The article reveals that the most common types of lexical transformations are transcription, transliteration and tracing. It was also found out that the techniques considered above are mostly used when there are no equivalents of a phenomenon or object in a target language, that is in Turkish. Thus, the translator tries to maintain the originality of the imagery and content of the work. Materials of the article can be useful in further studies: comparative, translation theory, use of lexical transformations in the practice of translation.

This study is undertaken to identify the similarities and differences of classification of homonyms in medical terminology of English, Russian and Tatar languages. In this paper a comparative method was used to identify the common and special in the compared languages. The basis of comparison in the medical terminology of genetically unrelated languages was established. In this study, the method of feature comparison was used, i.e. the phenomenon of homonymy was studied in a comparative aspect. The results of this study contribute to ordering the terms, the selection of the correct, appropriate term when translating medical texts from one language into another. The languages under the consideration have intra-terminological, inter-terminological, inter-system homonymy. Besides, there are homonymic relations between eponyms in all languages. In the medical terminology of the English language, the following groups of homonyms are found: absolute, incomplete, partial (homophones, homographs) homonyms. Incomplete homonyms are divided into lexical and lexical and grammatical, and partial homonyms are divided into lexical, lexical and grammatical, grammatical (homonyms-converse terms). Homophones, in turn, are classified into homophones and near homophones. Homonyms are classified into homonyms of a high degree of homonymity, homonyms of a medium degree of homonymity, homonyms of a low degree of homonymity in Russian medical terminology. In medical terminology of the Tatar language absolute and incomplete homonyms are distinguished. Incomplete homonyms include homoforms that belong to different parts of speech and homographs. Homographs are rare phenomenon in the medical terminology of the Tatar language. Separately, as a special group, homonyms-converse terms are considered. There are three types of functional shift relations in the Tatar language: syntactic, lexical and semantic, the most common of which is syntactic relation. The phenomenon of homonymy affects the Greek-Latin terminological elements, which are international. Comparative analysis of three languages in the matter of homonyms in medical terminology has shown that English and Tatar languages have more similarities than English and Russian ones and Russian and Tatar ones. The English medical terminology is more replete with homonymous acronyms than Russian and Tatar ones.

This article reviews the aspect of Silla kingdom’s capital city by analyzing articles that is related from «Samguk Yusa» as part of the study of literature on the ancient Silla kingdom of Korea. First, the articles related to the Silla kingdom’s capital city in “Samguk Yusa” were categorized and analyzed by themes, also the utilization plan for restoration was examined. Next, I tried to estimate the transition process of the city and the scope of its area through the articles related to the city where palace was placed. In general, after the reunification, the capital city of Silla changed into a form that has expanded considerably to the outside of the Wolseong fortress wall, which is the former kingdom. As the function and status of the royal palace, which is the place where the king resided is changing and the Wolsung fortress wall, which became the former royal palace, is used to perform ceremonies and diplomatic meetings while the king is generally inhabited in the Manwolsong castle. It is thought that it changed into the form when two palaces in the city were used which maintained until the end of Silla.

Материалы журнала доступны на сайте (articles and issues available at): philology-journal.ru RUСоотношение эпистемической модальности и эвиденциальности в турецком и японском языках Хафизова И. И., Хабибуллина Э. К.Аннотация. Цель исследования -выделить особенности соотношения эпистемической модальности и эвиденциальности в турецком и японском языках. Соотношение эпистемической модальности и эвиденциальности является одной из самых неоднозначных проблем при рассмотрении эвиденциальности. Как категория эвиденциальности проявляется по-разному в каждом языке, так и проблема соотношения эпистемической модальности и эвиденциальности имеет особое решение в каждом языке. Научная новизна данной работы заключается в сопоставительном исследовании указанной проблемы в турецком и японском языках. Нами не было найдено исследований, затрагивающих проблему соотношения эпистемической модальности и эвиденциальности в японском и турецком языках в сопоставительном аспекте. Имеющиеся же исследования по японскому либо турецкому языку часто противоречивы: определение адмиративности в турецком языке, выделение маркеров эпистемической модальности и эвиденциальности в японском языке -эти проблемы вызывают много споров. В результате было доказано, что в турецком языке ярко проявляется взаимодействие двух категорий при использовании инференциальной эвиденциальности, в японском языке -когда речь идет об эвиденциальности пересказывательности. В турецком языке взаимодействие двух категорий рождает новое значение эвиденциальности -миративность.