Indonesia is a country rich in biodiversity.  Of several plants that can be used as alternative medicine to treat disease.  The efficacy of plants as medicine in health is related to plants having chemical compounds which are the result of secondary metabolites contained in these plants.  One of the secondary metabolites in plants is coumarin.  Coumarins can be found in almost all plants from roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit.  The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify coumarin compounds contained in these plants.  In the process of isolating coumarin compounds that can be done by several methods including extraction, phytochemical screening, fractionation, isolation of coumarins and identification of isolates.  Plants containing coumarin compounds that were used in the isolation of coumarins that we reviewed were sundai lime peel (Citrus nobilis Lour), rambutan fruit seeds (Nephelium lappaceum L), water henna leaves (Impatiens Balsemina Linn), harp bark (Sandoricum koetjape) and Artemisia annua L.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) merupakan obat yang memiliki efek analgesic-antipirek. Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis senyawa parasetamol (acetaminophen) pada urin dengan cara kualitatif menggunakan Gas Chrotography-Mass Spectrometry (CG-MS) dan LC-MS (Liquid Chromathography-Mass Spectrometry). Sampel urin diperoleh dari pasien yang mengkonsumsi paraceramol tanpa mengubah pola konsumsi. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil positif acetaminophen-TMS diperoleh pada sampel urin dari 1 jam hingga sehari setelah mengkonsumsi tablet parasetamol namun diperoleh hasil negative setelah lebih dari 1 hari mengkonsumsi tablet.

Additives that are often used in food and beverages with the aim of attracting the attention of consumers, namely commonly known as addictive substances in food and beverages, can be in the form of dyes, flavoring and aroma, enhancers, antioxidants, preservatives, emulsifiers, bleaches, thickeners and sweeteners. Tartrazine or FC&C Yellow 5 dye code E 102 is a synthetic dye that produces a lemon yellow color which is easily soluble in water, and is a derivative of coal tar which is a mixture of phenolic compounds, polycyclic and heterocyclic hydrocarbons. The tartrazine compound is resistant to light, acetic acid, HCl and 10% NaOH, while 30% NaOH will undergo a chemical reaction with a reddish color change. Easily faded in the presence of an oxidizing agent, FeSO4 will make the substance solution cloudy, whereas in the presence of copper (Cu) there will be a change from yellow to reddish. paper chromatography and Uv-Vis spectrophotometry methods were positive for containing Tartrazine dye with levels that exceeded the limit set by ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake), which is around 7.5 mg/Kg/day. Tartrazine dye levels in samples A, B, C, D and E respectively 1.06457 ; 28.1832 ; 40.6126 ; 15.7269 and 28.936 mg/L. The use of tartrazine that exceeds the maximum limit permitted by the Government can cause harmful effects to the health of the body. Among them such as causing urticaria (skin allergies), rhinitis (runny nose), asthma, purpura (bruises on the skin) and systemic anaphylaxis (shock). The maximum limit for the use of tartrazine coloring permitted by the Government of Indonesia based on BPOM Regulation Number 11 of 2019 states that the maximum level of use of tartrazine in food additives is a maximum of 100 mg/kg for confectionery or candy which includes hard and soft confectionery, nougat and others.

Indonesia is a country rich in biodiversity.  Of several plants that can be used as alternative medicine to treat disease.  The efficacy of plants as medicine in health is related to plants having chemical compounds which are the result of secondary metabolites contained in these plants.  One of the secondary metabolites in plants is coumarin.  Coumarins can be found in almost all plants from roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit.  The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify coumarin compounds contained in these plants.  In the process of isolating coumarin compounds that can be done by several methods including extraction, phytochemical screening, fractionation, isolation of coumarins and identification of isolates.  Plants containing coumarin compounds that were used in the isolation of coumarins that we reviewed were sundai lime peel (Citrus nobilis Lour), rambutan fruit seeds (Nephelium lappaceum L), water henna leaves (Impatiens Balsemina Linn), harp bark (Sandoricum koetjape) and Artemisia annua L.