-Arnica montana L. is an endangered species rich in sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids and flavonoids with high pharmaceutical value. The polyphenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of plants that had passed all stages of cultivation: micropropagation and rooting (in vitro), adaptation in greenhouse (ex vitro) and mountain conditions (in vivo) were evaluated. Four surface flavonoid aglycones [scutellarein 6-methyl ether (hispidulin), scutellarein 6,4'-dimethyl ether (pectolinarigenin), 6-OH luteolin 6-methyl ether and kempferol-6-methyl ether] were detected in the acetone exudates of the studied samples by means of thin layer chromatography. No differences in the accumulation of surface flavonoids were found among the tested leaf extracts of in vitro, ex vitro and in vivo samples. However, the extracts from the flowers were richer in surface flavonoids than extracts from the leaves. The methanol extracts of the samples from ex vitro and in vivo grown A. montana plants had significantly higher radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic content than the extracts of in vitro samples. The observed differences in the contents of these biologically active compounds were related to different growth conditions and stages of plant development. The biotechnological method of A. montana established holds promise for the future production of antioxidants.
A protocol for indirect shoot organogenesis of Solanum melongena 'Larga Negra' and 'Black Beauty' was established using hypocotyl and cotyledon derived calluses. The maximum morphogenic callus induction was observed from cultured cotyledons of 30-days old seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine. The highest percentage of shoot regeneration and the highest mean number of shoots/callus were obtained on hormone-free MS medium. In terms of callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration, cotyledon explants were more responsive than hypocotyl explants. Regenerated shoots (2-3 cm) were rooted on MS hormone-free medium or medium containing 0.1 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. About 90% of regenerated plantlets survived under field conditions after hardening in the glasshouse. Several somaclones exhibiting useful variation would to be proposed as initial plant material for eggplant breeding programs.Keywords: callus tissue, eggplant, explants, growth regulator, plant regeneration, somaclonal variation Abbreviations: BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), IAA (indole acetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), Kn (kinetin), NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid), PGRs (plant growth regulators), TDZ (thidiazuron), 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) РЕЗЮМЕ Разработена е ефективна система за растителна регенерация чрез индиректен органогенезис при два сорта патладжан (Solanum melongena), която представлява източник на нови форми растения, ценни като изходен материал за селекционни програми. Подробно са описани всички етапи и условия на култивиране, които водят до получаването на растителни регенеранти и успешно развитие в полски уславия.Ключови думи: експланти, калусна тъкан, патладжан, растежен регулатор, регенерация на растенията, сомаклонално вариране 446Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2012, 13(3), p.446-457 DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/13.3.1070 РАЗШИРЕНО РЕЗЮМЕ Разработен е протокол за индиректен органогенезис при Solanum melongena от калусни култури, получени от два вида експланти (хипокотили и котиледони). В изследването са включени два сорта патладжан -Larga Negra и Black Beauty. Индуциране на морфогенетичен калус е наблюдаван при котиледони от 30-дневни кълнове, култивирани върху среда Murashige and Skoog (MS), съдържаща 2.0 mg/l α-нафтилоцетна киселина и 0.5 mg/l 6-бензиламинопурин. Определени са цвета, консистенцията и структурата на калуса. Преобладаващата част от експлантите формират калус на 14-15 ден от култивирането. Най-висок процент на регенерация и среден брой пъпки от калус са получени на МС среда без фитохормони. Установено е, че отговорът на котиледоните към формиране на калуси и последваща растителна регенерация е по-висок от този на хипокотилите. Растенията-регенеранти са вкоренени на МС среда без растежен регулатор или на среда, съдържаща 0.1 mg/l индолилмаслена киселина. Степента на преживяемост на регенерантите при полски условия е около 90 %. Получени са сомаклонални вариации, които биха могли да бъдат използвани като изх...
Abbreviations:MS -Murashige and Skoog medium; B5 -Gamborg's medium; SH -Schenk and Hildebrandt medium; PCR -polymerase chain reaction; MP -micropropagated plants; RP -regenerated plants from callus culture.
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