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Additive manufacturing, enabling rapid prototyping and so‐called on‐demand production, has become a common method of creating parts or whole devices. On a 3D printer, real objects are produced layer by layer, thus creating extraordinary possibilities as to the number of applications for this type of devices. The opportunities offered by this technique seem to be pushing new boundaries when it comes to both the use of 3D printing in practice and new materials from which the 3D objects can be printed. However, the question arises whether, at the same time, this solution is safe enough to be used without limitations, wherever and by everyone. According to the scientific reports, three‐dimensional printing can pose a threat to the user, not only in terms of physical or mechanical hazards, but also through the potential emissions of chemical substances and fine particles. Thus, the presented publication collects information on the additive manufacturing, different techniques, and ways of printing with application of diverse raw materials. It presents an overview of the last 5 years’ publications focusing on 3D printing, especially regarding the potential chemical and particle emission resulting from the use of such printers in both the working environment and private spaces.

In order to characterize PAHs emissions of diesel engine fuelled with diesel and its blend (B20, B40). In the particle phase, PAHs in engine exhausts were collected by fiberglass filters using Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) and then determined by a high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorimetric detector (HPLC-FL). The main content in exhaust gases from diesel engine, regardless the type of applied fuel, is constituted by the particles fraction of diameter <0.25 μm. Particles sized <0.25 μm constituted on average approximately 68% of particles in diesel exhaust gases and approx. 50% of particles emitted by biodiesel B20 and B40. When the B100 bioester additive was applied, the total emission of particles was reduced thus the volume of toxic substances adsorbed on them was lower. The analysis of chemical composition of <0.25 μm exhaust gas fraction showed that there were mainly 3- and 4-ring aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas of diesel fuel while in B40 single PAHs with the number of rings of 4 and 5 were detected. An application of ELPI permitted a further separation of <0.25 μm particle’s fraction and a real-time determination of interalia number, mass, and surface concentrations.

A needle-trap device, with immobilized sorbent inside the syringe, coupled with GC-MS was applied for air sampling and determination of chlorinated volatile organic compounds such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, and tetrachloromethane. The application of a needle trap packed with combination of three sorbents including Tenax TA, Carbopack X, and Carboxen 1000 resulted in detection limits of few pg for chlorinated volatile compounds and recoveries of 99.2-102.8%. The extraction and desorption parameters were optimized within the study. As a result, the precision determined as RSD was equal to 5.05 and 3.03 and 6.52% for dichloromethane, trichloromethane, and tetrachloromethane, respectively. The storage time for chlorinated compounds up to 48 h and reusability of the needle-trap device were verified. The obtained results have proved the ability of needle traps to compete with other solventless sampling and sample preparation extraction techniques.