ResumoEste estudo objetivou analisar as concepções de pais e professores acerca da criança autista e do seu processo de Parents and teachers conceptions about the inclusion of autistic children Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze parents and teachers conceptions with respect to autistic children and the process of school inclusion of these children. Six teachers of regular schools in the city of João Pessoa-PB and eight parents of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder participated in this research. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and the data submitted to content analysis. The results indicated that parents demonstrated expectations towards the children socializationand academic learning while the strategies outlined by the teachers emphasized the adoption of practices more focused on socialization. It was also noted that parents, as they followed their children development, and teachers, as they had contact with autistic children, reported more positive expectations concerning these children. Knowing the concepts of parents and teachers as regards autistic children is essential to understand that the successful implementation of school inclusion may be achieved through the active participation of both parties.
RESUMO: o espectro autista é caracterizado por prejuízos desde os primeiros anos de vida nas áreas de interação social, comunicação e comportamento. Os aspectos relacionados à etiologia, às possibilidades terapêuticas e à inserção em escolas regulares não são conclusivos, dado que evidencia a importância de estudos na área. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as interações sociais de crianças com espectro autista nos contextos de escolas regulares, considerando a mediação das professoras. Participaram deste estudo 42 crianças, das quais quatro crianças têm o diagnóstico de espectro autista, entre três e cinco anos de idade, e quatro professoras de duas escolas regulares particulares. Os resultados demonstraram que a mediação das professoras se caracterizou pelo uso de diretivos linguísticos e apoio físico. A participação das crianças com espectro autista em termos interacionais se caracterizou por comportamentos mais frequentes de olhar pessoas, iniciativa dirigida à ação, resposta adequada e sorriso. Nesse sentido, compreender como as crianças com espectro autista interagem com as pessoas e objetos em ambientes escolares e como são realizadas as mediações pelas professoras nesses momentos são aspectos de grande relevância para a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção que favoreçam a interação social e o processo de inclusão escolar. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Educação Especial. Autismo. Inclusão Escolar. Interação Social. ABSTRACT:The autistic spectrum is characterized by losses beginning in the early years of life in the areas of social interaction, communication and behavior. Aspects related to the etiology, therapeutic possibilities and inclusion in regular schools are not conclusive, which shows the importance of studies in the area. This study aims to analyze social interactions of children with autistic spectrum disorders in mainstream school contexts, considering the mediation of teachers. The participants were 42 children, of whom four children had been diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder, between three and five years old, and four teachers from two regular private schools. The results showed that the mediation of the teachers was characterized by the use of linguistic directives and physical support. The participation of children with autistic spectrum disorder in interactional terms was characterized most frequently by behaviors such as looking at people, initiative directed to action, appropriate response and smile. In this sense, understanding how children with autistic spectrum disorders interact with people and objects in school settings and how mediations are conducted by teachers in such moments is highly relevant for elaborating intervention strategies to promote social interaction and the process of school inclusion.
Resumo No modelo bioecológico, compreende-se o desenvolvimento a partir da interação entre o sujeito e os múltiplos contextos nos quais está inserido, considerando a dimensão temporal. Nessa direção, por meio de um estudo descritivo, objetivou-se analisar as concepções de jovens com transtorno autista, suas mães e seus irmãos acerca de suas vivências familiares. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com 12 mães, 17 irmãos e 2 jovens com autismo, sendo transcritas e analisadas a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que as atividades, a rede de apoio e as concepções descritas pelos participantes funcionam como fatores protetivos, mesmo diante de fatores de risco em seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo suscita novas questões de pesquisa e elucida aspectos das vivências familiares importantes para delinear intervenções.
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