The equal opportunities approach of the second half of the 20th century emphasizes the social inclusion of disadvantaged groups, including persons with disabilities. Education and employment play a key role in achieving integration. Nevertheless, other fields such as leisure time and sporting activities also contribute positively to the social involvement of persons with disabilities. At present nearly 7,000 persons with disabilities are registered in Hungary who pursue sports competitively, of whom approximately 5,000 persons with intellectual disabilities (Regényi et.al, 2017). The study discloses the partial results of a research aimed at revealing the awareness of the Hungarian population regarding the sport of people with disabilities. As such research has never been carried out in Hungary before, it can fill in a niche. The results of our exploratory research may be the starting point for further investigations. The importance of the topic is given by the fact that thanks to the sport the focus is on the outstanding performance of the social group concerned rather than on their limitations and deficiencies, which therefore reinforces the positive and accepting attitude of citizens. Previous research findings have highlighted that the nature of disability-related knowledge influences the way the members of society think about persons with disabilities, i.e. when it is possible to provide information and gain experience focusing on the existing abilities and strengths of the above -mentioned group, attitudes become more positive as well.  The findings of the research reveal that respondents consider it important to pursue sport within an integrated framework, at the same time they feel it is justified to do segregated sports with a view to persons with disabilities. Based on the results we can state that the media coverage of achievements in sports competitions of persons with disabilities is perceived as low level, but apparently it is not considered to be a key area in the lives of persons with disabilities.

A fogyatékos és megváltozott munkaképességű személyek, mint munkavállalói csoport munkaerő-piaci helyzete alapján elmondhatjuk, hogy jelentős hátrányokkal rendelkező munkavállalói csoport. Gazdasági aktivitása elmarad a nem fogyatékos és megváltozott munkaképességű lakosságtól. A legújabb statisztikai adatok szerint a megváltozott munkaképességű személyek foglalkoztatási szintje csupán 18% körül mozog. A mindenkori kormányzat mind pozitív, mind negatív ösztönzőrendszerrel igyekszik az érintett munkavállalói csoport gazdasági szerepét növelni, hangsúlyosan az elsődleges, nyílt munkaerő-piac területén. Mindez azonban elképzelhetetlen a társadalom és a vállalati szféra szemléletformálása nélkül, mely az esélyegyenlőség, az egyenlő bánásmód és a diszkrimináció tilalma törvényi szabályozásán keresztül érvényesülhet. A cikk célja, hogy az Észak-alföldi régióban működő 3 vizsgált szervezet cég- illetve HR vezetőjével készített szakmai interjú és esettanulmány segítségével feltárja a piaci szereplők hogyan viszonyulnak a fogyatékos és megváltozott munkavállalói csoporthoz, az elmúlt évek törvényi változásaihoz, illetve milyen mértékben alkalmaznak, és milyen akadályokkal nehezítik a további foglalkoztatásukat.

Since the annexation to the European Union, exceptional attention has been directed to equal opportunities and equal treatment of disadvantaged social groups in Hungary too. The Hungarian state tries to ensure the first and foremost with legal tools. It is, however, not enough to result in lasting changes in the attitude of society. Personal experiences, as well as, positive messages transmitted by others can produce a positive effect on the development of inclusive approaches. With respect to sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. gender, age, school qualification) investigations into this field suggest different research results. The questionnaire data collection took place in three districts of Hungary. The research was aimed at questioning two test groups, on one hand, the employees of social institutions who mainly deal with disadvantaged persons, on the other hand, the residents of the given districts, who have the knowledge and approach of an average citizen.  The ingenuity of the research is put down to the fact that in Hungary there had never been researching to explore the attitudes of social employees. A total of 747 persons filled in the questionnaires, out of which 408 employees in social institutions and 339 district residents. This present study discloses the deeper connections of the research results which are observable between the two test groups’ attitudes to persons with disabilities and sociodemographic characteristics. Its significance is crucial in identifying the characteristics of the colleague playing an actual role in the integration who, as a reference person, with his own personal involvement can promote the integration of disabled persons into workplace communities. In the research of attitudes three well-distinguished clusters were outlined, which were named as follows: accepting, uncertain/indifferent, rejecting. The study investigates what kind of sociodemographic characteristics the residents, and social workers who belong to the three clusters have. Do people who belong to the same cluster posses similar attributes in both test samples?  What kind of attributes has the residents and social workers got who show a higher level of acceptance?  According to the findings of the research, the attitudes of the district residents differ in age, school qualification, and personal experience, whereas in the case of the social workers the difference in attitudes depends on age and school qualification.

The integration of people with disabilities and the normalisation of their living conditions appear to be a key goal in today’s social approach. However, it is not enough to change the social approach alone in order to achieve integration, we need instruments which are able to support the social participation, self-determination and normalisation of people with disabilities. Such instruments can be defined as follows: a wide range of social welfare support and social services ensured by the state. It is indispensable to help, support and strengthen families which raise a child with disabilities, consequently social policy instruments should be extended to families as well. The present study aims at providing an overview of how children with disabilities and their families were supported during the socialist regime and in the subsequent period. We used a qualitative case study, for the preparation of which secondary research and document analysis were conducted. Our analysis focused on the research question whether following the change of regime there was a change of attitude in the fields of social policy which could promote the improvement of the quality of life of children with disabilities and their families. On the other hand, do the benefits and services provided by the social care system support the integration, normalisation and self-determination of children with disabilities, as well as their upbringing in a family environment? The results of our analysis show that following the change of regime a slow change guided by the modern approach to disability began, which by continuously adding an element at a time attempts to help children with disabilities and their families. A Hungarian disability strategy which would thoroughly define a social policy adapted to the needs of those concerned is badly needed.

A migráns gyerekek befogadásával kapcsolatos feladatok jelenős kihívások elé állítják a pedagógusokat. Tanulmányunk fókuszában az a kutatási kérdés áll, milyen tényezők játszanak szerepet a migráns gyerekek sikeres beillesztési folyamatában? Célunk ismertetni az integrációs kihívásokat, a kapcsolódó statisztikai adatokat és átfogó képet adni a tanulók iskolai beilleszkedését segítő tényezőkről. Megállapítható, hogy a sokszínűség elősegíti a szinergiát a közösségben, pozitívan hat az eredményességre, ugyanakkor az iskola a társadalmi problémák megoldásában kevésbé hatékony. Az iskola működéséhez igazított problémakezelés a pedagógiai gyakorlat átrendezéséhez, hosszabb távon pedig a társadalmi eredményességhez is hozzájárulhat. A pedagógiai folyamat kiegészítéseként tekintünk az iskolai szociális munka új típusú szolgáltatás rendszerére. Véleményünk szerint képzés tartalmi elemeit érdemes lenne kiterjeszteni a migráns gyerekek befogadását segítő módszerek ismertetésére.