The complex phenomenon of organizational change is a continuous challenge for scientists and for practitioners alike. Simple models tend to be regularly worn out by field evidence. More and more factors must be taken into account in order to ensure a better reliability of change models. A recently proposed solution suggests that learning theory should be placed more centrally within the theory of planned organizational change (Hendry, 1996;Schein, 1993;Kilmann, 1989). However, this research direction has already been broached, although under a slightly different perspective. Early studies (Starbuck and Heberg, 1976;Hedberg et al. 1976) have shown that organizational change should initially go through an unlearning phase. The elimination of old, obsolete organizational knowledge-that is, unlearning-makes room for the development of new adaptive

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Une étude des démarches d'efficience et de réduction des coûts dans les collectivités territoriales françaises est menée. Elle s'appuie sur une recherche documentaire systématique dans la presse spécialisée (notamment dans La Gazette des Communes) et dans les actes des congrès de l'association des fonctionnaires territoriaux en charge de la question (l'AFIGESE) et sur des entretiens avec quatorze experts menés en deux vagues : en 2012, lors de l'émergence de la problématique, puis en 2015, suite à la diminution des dotations de l'État. Il est montré que dans le contexte actuel de crise des finances publiques locales, les actions de restructuration des processus opérationnels dans les services publics de proximité sont pour le moment plus rhétoriques que réelles. AbstractInitiatives to reduce the costs of French local governments: challenges and current situation. A study of cutback strategies and efficiency programs implemented by French local public authorities is conducted. It is based on a systematic literature review in the specialized press (especially in La Gazette des Communes) and in the acts of congress of the association of territorial officials in charge of the matter (the AFIGESE) and interviews with fourteen experts conducted in two waves: in 2012, when this topic started to occur, and then in 2015, following the reductions of state grants. It is shown that in the current context of local public finance crisis, reengineering actions of operational processes in the local public services are currently more rhetorical than real. © 2015 IDMP/Lavoisier SAS. Tous droits réservés 03 Les démarches de réduction des coûts dans les collectivités territoriales françaises : enjeux et état des lieux Cet article des Editions Lavoisier est disponible en acces libre et gratuit sur pmp.revuesonline.com 266 Marcel Guenoun, François Meyssonnier et Emil Turc / PMP 32/3 Juillet-Septembre 2015/265-283

The introduction of performance-related pay (PRP) in the public sector has been one of the main trends in public management reform in the last two decades. However, it seems that PRP regimes have been loosened or even backed off the reform agenda, often with the notion that they were not used as planned, failed to deliver, and ultimately were stalled as being an incompatible control instrument to the existing administrative culture. Focusing on the local government level in Germany, France and Italy, the authors explore the question why PRP systems have failed to manifest a core position in the performance oriented reform agendas. Diffusion and implementation practice in the three countries shows significant differences and leads to relevant heterogeneity and variance of implementation of PRP.

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