Macaca fuscata displays characteristic behaviours, such as stone handling, locomotor behaviour, gait position, and intermittent bipedalism. Differences in characteristic behaviours among primate species/genera could be explained by anatomical details of the body. However, the anatomical details have not been well studied in Macaca fuscata. Arterial models could be one of the anatomical bases for the phylogenetic and functional differences among species, since the arterial supply could be associated with the muscular performance, especially locomotor behaviour. In this study, five thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata adults were dissected to analyse the vessels. Patterns of arterial distribution in the thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata were compared with those in other primates. The results indicated that the arterial distribution in the Japanese monkeys was more similar to those in Macaca mulatta and Papio anubis, which is consistent with phylogenetic similarities. However, compared with Papio anubis and other macaques, there were anatomical differences in several points, including (1) the origin of the common, anterior, posterior circumflex, and profunda brachii, and (2) the origins of the collateralis ulnaris artery. The comparative anatomy of the arteries in the forelimb of Macaca fuscata, along with the anatomical studies in other primates, indicated characteristic patterns of brachial artery division and the number of the palmar arches in primates, which is consistent with the phylogenetic division among New World primates, Old World primates, and apes.
Background Recently, some studies about primates have claimed the importance of the vessels to maintain the muscles working; in fact, the arterial supply could suggest how strenuous the muscular performance is associated to locomotor behavior. The aim of this work was to study the anatomy of the arteries of the forelimbs of different groups of primates to evidence a general arterial model in comparative terms. Methods We propose a biophysical explanation for the arterial pattern of the forelimbs of primates’ groups. Results Three pattern of the forelimb arteries in Primates were descript and the differences were explained using mathematical formulas. Conclusions The anatomical study about the comparative anatomy of the arteries of the forelimbs of primates provided hypothesis about the three observed models, mainly in relation to brachial artery division and the number of the palmar arches, in mathematical models’ terms.
O sistema construtivo em wood frame no Brasil vem ganhando espaço pela facilidade de construção, a rapidez na mão de obra, resistência ao suportar as intempéries ambientais de cada região, a competitividade no mercado da construção civil e o principal para as questões sustentáveis. No entanto, a resistência para uso desse tipo de construção no Brasil é alta. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as vantagens e desvantagens das características do sistema construtivo em casas de madeira, abordando as principais responsabilidades sustentáveis e as técnicas usadas. Para a execução deste trabalho foi utilizada como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática. Poucos textos foram encontrados sobre o uso de woodframe no Brasil que mostraram que esse tipo de construção é escasso no país devido a problemas do tipo falta de informação ao publico e aos engenheiros civis nas universidades, falta de mão de oba especializada e problemas de conscientização da população que pensa que esse é um sistema frágil e pouco durável. A melhoria do ensino sobre drywall, logo, também sobre woodframe, deveria ser implantado nas universidades, o engenheiro deveria ser o incentivador e informador sobre as novas técnicas de construção, pelo menos no Brasil.
O sistema tegumentar se refere, principalmente, ao revestimento superficial dos seres vivos e engloba órgãos como a pele e estruturas como unhas, cabelos, pelos, penas, garras, escamas. É responsável pela proteção contra microrganismos, perda de água, radiações; tem função termorreguladora e de secreção de suor e sebo. No entanto, devido aos problemas do ensino de anatomia comparativa no Brasil, causado pela escassez de livros didáticos com enfoque didático e direcionado para as estruturas e suas fisiologias, o aprendizado tem se tornado cada vez mais limitado e defasado. Então, o objetivo desse artigo é indicar um caminho morfofisiológico para o ensino do tema Tegumento para a disciplina de Anatomia Comparativa para as Ciências Biológicas, principalmente, mas que pode ser usada para a Medicina Veterinária, Zootecnia e Agronomia. De fasto, o ensino de tegumento para os vertebrados utilizando a dissecação é capaz de propiciar um avançar didático para o conteúdo, com início na microscopia/estrutura do tegumento, seguindo com os filos, e, posteriormente, o estudo de estruturas mais complexas e especiais como as glândulas e os anexos.
A problem in relation to medicine concentration is linked to difference of age of the patients when the medicine was formulated for a pattern age, for instance, for adults. The use of this kind of medicine for children must be calculate correctly and some formulas based in the empirical mathematical methods were suggested and they are used nowadays; however, patients form a same pattern age but with different weight shows a different biotype and requires a different concentration of medicines, as well as the children and the elderly people. According, in this work, based on the mechanical mathematical model using the relation area/volume, a more exact calculus including the metabolism, was proposed to generate a more accuracy formula to calculate the medicine concentration for children and for people of different weight.
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