In the 21st century, the internet has become a powerful, popular and more essential channel for the delivery of reference services and it is rapidly gaining wide patronage. In order to key into this new concept, libraries have resorted to leveraging digital technologies to meet the information needs and demands of the 21st century seekers in this era. However, to freely and confidently utilise the digital technologies in reference service delivery, there is a need to have policies which will guide the reference service delivery and the technologies to adopt. This paper discussed the library policies for 21st century reference service delivery and its implication for present day information seekers that will enhance reference services. It also explained the five laws of library science as applicable to reference services in this period, the information sources required and the way forward.

This paper examined library policy formulation and implementation as well as its implications in relation to school library services in Nigeria. The paper reviewed the concept of library and information science policy and school library services in today's society as one that is required at every step of the way, highlighting that the progress of any nation depends on information generation, dissemination and use which is required early enough at the primary and secondary foundation levels of education. The paper reviewed the present situation of school libraries in the country and found that the school libraries were characterized with poor accommodation, unavailability of trained staff, inadequate relevant materials and apathy on the part of school administrators and government and posited that the situation of school libraries in the country is still unsatisfactory. This paper highlighted the importance of library and information science policy formulation and implementation to achieve a progressive education and development via the provision of access to and the availability of information and knowledge with speed and efficiency to all. The paper takes a position that formulating policy for school library services will lead to a massive infrastructural development in school library development. It will also enhance quality library service delivery and ensures that school libraries are managed by professionals. The paper was concluded with recommendations that government should set up a committee of experts made up of librarians, school managers and publishers to help in policy formulation and implementation for school library development in Nigeria.

This study investigated the utilisation of emerging technologies for improved service delivery in public university libraries in Rivers State. Two research questions guided the study. The research questions were to identify the emerging technologies in use for improved service delivery among public university information professionals in Rivers State and to find out the extent to which information professionals utilized emerging technologies for improved service delivery in public university libraries in Rivers State. The population consists of 50 information professionals in the three universities; University of Port Harcourt (20), Rivers State University (19) and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (11) respectively. A sample size of 50 information professionals in the universities representing 100% of the population served as respondents. An accidental sampling technique was used for the study. All the information professionals that make up the population were used. A 12-item questionnaire was used for data collection. Cronbach alpha statistics was used to obtain the 0.77 reliability coefficient of the instrument. Mean scores and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the z-test statistics were used to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The result amongst others revealed that social network websites technologies and video-based communication platforms like the Zoom and WebEx are in use in both Federal and State library but digital reference robots, library automation SOUL software and Protocols VoIP (Voice over Internet) was not in use in both Federal and State university libraries. It was recommended that university management should give the required attention to library use, provide and encourage the application of digital reference robots, library automation SOUL software and Voice over Internet Protocols (VoIP) and other current gadgets to be used to meet the demand of library users, most especially at this period of post covid-19 pandemic.

The paper explored faculty perceptions of the use of Open Educational Resources (OER) in state universities in Bayelsa and Rivers States, Nigeria. The research was guided by two (2) questions. The researchers used a descriptive survey approach. The population of the study comprised 1787 faculty members from the four-state Universities in Bayelsa and Rivers State. Convenience sampling techniques were done as the study employed all of the respondents to the questionnaire from the entire population. Data was collected using an online questionnaire. Educational technology specialists evaluated the questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha value of 0.96 was discovered after analyzing the study’s data to look for internal consistency and reliability. The questionnaire was deemed credible based on the coefficient discovered. The frequency count, basic percentages, and mean were used to examine the data. The results showed that faculty opinions on the use of OER were favorable. It was also discovered that inadequate access to electricity, poor Internet connectivity, ignorance, a lack of library sensitization, and a lack of ICT skills were some of the main obstacles to the efficient use of OER. The researchers suggested that the universities should enhance their supply of electricity by providing alternative sources of power supply, provide adequate Internet facilities and encourage faculty to assist in encouraging students to use OER.