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OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, who were either in an acute depressive episode or in remission, and a healthy control group on their cognitions related to depression and mania/hypomania, and on their response styles. METHODS: A total of 300 participants who presented to our outpatient psychiatry department were included in the study (100 participants with unipolar depression (DG), 100 with bipolar disorder, and 100 with no previous or current psychiatric disorder (CG)). The participants completed the Cognition Checklist (CCL), the Cognition Checklist for Mania (CCL-M-R), the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CDQ), the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), the Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory (HAPPI), the Brief Core Schemas Scale (BCSS), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), and the Responses to Positive Affect Questionnaire (RPAQ). The groups were compared with each other by one-way analysis of variance, independent samples t-test, and chi-square tests. RESULTS: The DG scored higher than the other groups on the CCL, the frequency and intensity subscales of the CDQ, the DAS, and the negative-self and negative-others subscales of the BCSS, the RRS, and on the dampening subscale of the RPAQ. The clinical groups scored higher than the CG on the scores of the relationships subscale of the CCL-M-R, the total score of the CDQ, and the HAPPI. The CG scored higher than the clinical groups on the positive-self subscale of the BCSS, and on the emotion focused positive rumination subscale. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are important in the differential diagnosis of mood disorders, and for their treatment with cognitive behavioural psychotherapy.

Background: Recently, a growing number of publications have suggested that the immune-inflammatory system may be involved in the etiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red cell distribution width (RDW) in the three different phases of BD patients compared to each other and controls. Methods: One hundred eighty-seven bipolar patients (78 euthymic, 53 manic/hypomanic and 56 depressed), and 62 age and sex matched controls were enrolled. Sociodemographic variables and complete blood count parameters of the patients and the control group were recorded. Results: The groups did not differ from each other on the hematological parameters, except for NLR and RDW. Post-hoc analyses revealed that NLR values were significantly higher in the euthymic and manic/hypomanic bipolar groups compared to control group. In addition, post-hoc analyses revealed that RDW values were significantly higher in the manic/hypomanic bipolar group relative to the control group. Discussion: Longitudinal studies evaluating the levels of inflammatory markers in the early phases of the disorder, and their relationship with the development of different episodes and medical comorbidities may be useful to understand the role of inflam mation in BD.

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AbstractÖz Purpose: This study aims to identify the demographic and clinical data of patients presenting for mental health disability reports from these boards. Material and Methods: In this study, the records of the patients presenting to the medical board for disability due to mental health problems in 2014 were retrospectively investigated. Results: Among the 5670 patients over 18 years who presented to the medical board for disability, 795 (14.2%) of them were assigned a report due to mental health problems. Four hundred ninety one (61.8%) of them were male, and 304 (38.2%) were female. The most frequent reasons for presentation were for benefits related to law number 2022 (35.8%), and for social benefits / home care services (32.8%). The most frequently encountered diagnoses were mental retardation (52.2%), schizophrenia (18.4%), and depression -dysthymia (7.1%). Three hundred thirteen (39.4%) of the 795 patients with mental health problems were found to be severely disabled, and 510 (64.2%) of the reports were assigned for an indefinite period of time. Conclusion: We think that this report might be helpful for regulations related to disabled people, and might guide adult psychiatric services for patients who present to medical boards for disability due to mental health problems.Amaç:. Bu çalışmanın amacı Engelli Sağlık Kurulu'na başvuran hastalardan ruhsal rahatsızlığı nedeniyle engelli raporu verilen hastaların belirlenerek bu hastaların demografik verilerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 2014 yılı içerisinde Engelli Sağlık Kurulu'na başvuran hastalar içerisinden ruhsal rahatsızlığa bağlı engelli raporu alan hastaların dosya verileri geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Engelli Sağlık Kuruluna başvuran 18 yaş üstü 5670 hastanın 795'ine (%14.02) ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları açısından engelli raporu verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu olguların 491'i erkek (%61.8), 304'ü kadın (%38.2) idi. En sık başvuru nedenleri; 2022 Sayılı Yasa'dan yaralanmak (%35.8) ve sosyal yardım/evde bakım hizmetlerinden yararlanmak (%32.8) olduğu görülmüştür. Olgularda en sık saptanan tanılar zekâ gerilikleri (%52.2), şizofreni (%18.4) ve depresyon-distimi (%7.1) olarak bulunmuştur. Ruhsal rahatsızlığı olan hasta grubundaki 795 kişiden 313'ünün (%39.4) ağır engelli olarak değerlendirildiği, verilen raporlardan 510'unun (%64.2) sürekli olarak verildiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Engelli Sağlık Kuruluna başvuran ve ruhsal rahatsızlığı sebebiyle engellilik tespit edilen olgulara ait veriler erişkin ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları pratiğine katkıda bulunacağı ve engelli kişilere ait düzenlemelerde faydalı olabileceği düşünülmüştür.