This study aimed to classify the role of women, gender and characteristics of home-based industries that were managed by women in two cities of East Java Province. This study also tried to identify strengths, weaknesses and challenges faced by these women, especially impoverished women. The research employed qualitative method supported by quantitative data. The data collected through structured interviews guided by questionnaires and indepth interviews. Three main results were attained. First, it was related to the characteristics of women workers, the role of multi-burdened women, the flexible working hours, formal education but unrelated to work, and low income but still importantly needed to support economic condition. Second, three networks were found: network between manager/owner and workers that was informal and family-oriented, network between managers and local government for marketing and training, and network with the private sector for access to capital and business development. Third, the model of empowering small home-based industries should consider the specific needs of women. In other words, there is a requisite for practical and strategic gender needs that has to be comprehended and become the basis for the planning and development to conduct activities and programs for women. Keywords

The practice of girl marriage in Indonesia is a social reality that has been going on from generation to generation. Although the average level of education in Indonesia is increasing and the government has limited the practice of child marriage, in some areas of East Java province the tendency of parents to marryoff their underage girls remains. This study aims to identify gender-based power relations within the practices of girl marriage in poor family in East Java province. This study is also aimed at revealing how the social reproduction of gender inequality values takes place in the girl marriage practices. This research was done by using qualitative method which was supported with quantitative data. This study shows that the victims of early marriage practices are girls. Gender-based-power relations between young wives with husbands, parents and in-laws are not equal. The unequal gender-based power relations in girl marriage practices in poor family are relate to limitation of knowledge and reproduce of power. The unequal gender relations are continuously reproduced through the imposition of negative social labeling on girls. The prevention of girl marriage requires a comprehensive approach by addressing the social and cultural values, especially promoting equal gender relations. One of the solutions is empowerment based on equal gender perspective.

This study focuses on poor women in the social environment (village) in the center of the Surabaya metropolis with classical Islamic culture and rules. Social relations and "pesantren culture" are felt in this place. For example: women must wear headscarves every day, men use koko sarongs and shirts, reading the holy verses of the Qur'an are a daily habit. In fact, elementary school children have become memorizers of the Qur'an (hafidz). This place produces "kyai" and "nyai" (saints in Javanese Islam). This study focuses on unequal gender relations between men and women so that poor women experience subordination, as well as empowerment of poor women in the Islamic community in the middle of big cities. Women, especially poor women, have very low bargaining power because of the patriarchal culture and Islamic rules there. Even though poor women help to make a living for the family, all important decisions remain with the husband (male). The methodology used is qualitative. Conduct in-depth interviews with poor women who were married in that place. Researchers also make observations about their daily activities in the community. The result, using Michel Foucault's power relations theory analysis, found that poor women get unfair relationships every day. They always lose with their husbands in any case. They are always oppressed and subordinated. Poor women get a discourse that women are the second social class in this life. They are a male partner, not the first person. So, important decision makers in the family are always men, not women. Although women help their husbands to work outside the home, decision makers are always husbands. Poor women are also powerless in government development programs. Even though the relationship is not equal, all women accept it because it comes from God's destiny (Allah SWT). This phenomenon is real and occurs in the center of a big city (Surabaya) which is one of the largest cities in Indonesia.Ridwan & Susanti: "Subordination of women and patriarchal gender relations at Islamic poor community" tidak setara, tetapi semua perempuan menerimanya karena berasal dari takdir Tuhan (Allah SWT). Fenomena itu nyata dan terjadi di pusat kota besar (Surabaya) yang merupakan salah satu kota terbesar di Indonesia.

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ENGLISHCovid-19 was not only a health problem, but also it has caused other problems in the economic, political, defense, and social and cultural sectors. The negative stigma of society towards patients, patients' families and people with a high risk of being exposed to Covid-19 was one of the impacts of this complex situation. This study aims to determine the simultaneous and partial effect of family socio-economic status and social support on the resilience of families of COVID-19 survivors. This is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The method of data collection used a questionnaire. The analysis technique uses desctiptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, F test and t test. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that the socioe-conomic status of the family and social support simultaneously affect the resilience of the family of Covid-19 survivors by 74.1%, while the remaining 25.9% is influenced by other variables not examined. Family socio-economic status and social support has a partial effect with a significant value of 0.000). Therefore, in the post-Covid-19 recovery effort, the provision of social support, especially to Covid-19 survivors and families with low socio-economic status, is urgently needed. It is for accelerating the recovery process helps Covid-19 survivors in realizing family resilience. INDONESIACovid-19 tidak hanya menjadi persoalan kesehatan, namun juga menimbulkan persoalan lain pada sektor ekonomi, politik, pertahanan, serta sosial dan budaya. Stigma negatif masyarakat pada pasien, keluarga pasien maupun orang-orang dengan risiko tinggi terpapar Covid-19 menjadi salah satu dampaknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan dan parsial status sosial ekonomi keluarga dan dukungan sosial terhadap ketahanan keluarga penyintas Covid-19. Penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, uji F dan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa status sosial ekonomi keluarga dan dukungan sosial berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap ketahanan keluarga penyintas Covid-19 sebesar 74,1%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 25,9% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti. Status sosial ekonomi keluarga dan dukungan sosial masing-masing berpengaruh secara parsial dengan nilai signifikan 0,000. Dalam upaya pemulihan pasca Covid-19, pemberian dukungan sosial khususnya kepada penyintas Covid-19 dan keluarga yang status sosial ekonominya rendah sangat dibutuhkan untuk mempercepat proses pemulihan penyintas Covid-19 dalam mewujudkan ketahanan keluarganya.