This study aims to describe the factors causing the Javanese language use shift and the maintenance strategies and attempts. It employed the qualitative approach with a focus on the mapping of maintenance models in the Province of Yogyakarta Special Territory. The findings are as follows. First, the factors causing the shift include: (a) perceptions of the Javanese language, (b) complexity of societal life, (c) the number of Javanese speakers, and (d) the use of Javanese in the family. Second, the attempts made include: (a) the strengthening of the philosophy of the Javanese culture and language, (b) the Javanese language competitions and festivals, (c) the dissemination of moral values in Javanese expressions, (d) the development of Javanese performance arts, and (e) the use of Javanese in institutions. Third, the maintenance strategies include the uses of Javanese as: (a) a means of communication, (b) a factor uniting language and culture, (c) a local wisdom, (d) a local government’s policy, (e) a subject in education, (g) NGO activities,and (h) Javanese journalism.

This study aims to determine the form of Javanese language maintenance and to describe the factors motivating the use of Javanese language in Ahmad Tohari’s Bekisar Merah. This study will also discuss strategies of language maintenance in literature. The research herein applies descriptive qualitative methods. The results of this study show that the maintenance of Javanese language in Ahmad Tohari’s Bekisar Merah occurs in word forms, suluk, and Javanese philosophy. The factors motivating the use of Javanese language as a form of language maintenance in the novel are (1) the background of the author, and (2) the effort to uphold Javanese language. Furthermore, there are two general strategies of Javanese language maintenance, particularly in literature, i.e. (1) literature spreading, and (2) authors’ loyalty to local languages as the manifestation of language maintenance.

This article is about a research study conducted to describe the system,type, and function of form of address in wayang kulit, the Javanese leather-puppetshadow play. The subject under study was a recording of such a play titled KarnaTandhing performed by Timbul Hadiprayitna as the puppet master. The researchmethod applied was descriptive in nature. The research data were obtained bymeans of a listen-and-write technique and analyzed by means of contextualinterpretation.The research results are as follows. 1. The system of form of address inwayang kulit consists of aspects of (1) relation between the addresser andaddressee, (2) sex/gender, (3) setting (place, time, and atmosphere), (4) purpose,(5) honoring, (6) doer, vocation, or profession, (7) marriage and love, (8) mentionof dwelling place, (9) religion and belief, (10) use of pronoun, (11) zero, and (12)mention of specific identity. In type, the form of address can be, among others, (1)a pronoun, (2) a proper name: a pre-adult name, an alternative name, or dasanama,(3) a title attributed due to position of authority, (4) a name others use to call one,(5) a hereditary form of address, (6) paraban ‘a name given due to intimacy’, (7)poyokan ‘a derogatory or mocking name’, (8) a profession, (9) a doer of an act, (10)an expression of fondness, (11) an expression of being proud of one, (12) anexpression of friendship, (13) an expression of displeasure, annoyance, or anger,(14) an expression in self-introduction, (15) an expression for peprenahan/mbasakke ‘showing how one is related to the other by blood, age, etc.’, (16) anexpression related to where one dwells, (17) an expression related to position ofauthority, (18) an expression in honoring, (19) an expression used due to marriage:adult name, husband’s name, name of first child, (20) a form of address used whenaddressing a god, goddess, or God, (21) a form of address for the wife of a king,(22) a form of address of zero nature, (23) an expression of cursing, (24) a form ofaddress of specific nature, (25) a noun plus mu, e, or ne, (26) a noun, (27) a nounplus ku, (28) a form of address related to religion, (29) a form of address related tokinship plus e or ne, (30) a form of address used falsely/in playacting/pretence, and(31) a form address to point one out. In function, the form of address can be (1)honorific, i.e., to honor one, (2) to call out to one, (3) to call one with an attribute,(4) mbasakke ‘to show how one is related to the other by blood, age, etc., (5) tomock the other, (6) to show intimacy/to make intimate, (7) to show one’s place oforigin, (8) to introduce oneself, (9) to build a certain atmosphere, (10) to besarcastic, (11) to clarify one’s identity, (12) to be used falsely in dramatization orin a play or in pretence, and (13) to make a comic effect.Keywords: form of address, wayang kulit, system, type, function

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk, fungsi, dan makna afiksasi bahasa Madura dialek Sumenep pada tingkat tutur rendah. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode agih yaitu metode analisis data yang alat penentunya bagian dari bahasa itu sendiri. Subjek dari penelitian ini yaitu kosakata bahasa Madura yang mengalami afiksasi, data utama diperoleh melalui study pustaka berupa buku paramasastra Madura, majalah jokotole, malatè sato’or dan tuturan sehari-hari masyarakat Madura khususnya dialek Sumenep, sedangkan data pendukung diperoleh dari skripsi penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu afiksasi bahasa Madura dialek Sumenep yang meliputi bentuk, fungsi dan makna. Prefiks terdapat tujuh macam yakni prefiks {a-}, {e-}, {ta-}, {ka- },{sa-}, {pa-}, dan {pe-}. Infiks terdapat empat macam yakni {-al-}, {-ar}, {-en}, {-om}. Sufiks terdapat tujuh macam yakni sufiks {-e}, {-a}, {-an}, {-en}, {-na}, {-ana}, dan {-aghi}. Konfiks terdapat dua belas macam yakni konfiks {ka-an}, {ka-na}, {ka-e}, {ka-en }, {ka-aghi}, {pa-an}, {sa-na}, {sa-an}, {a-an}, {a-aghi}, {e-aghi}, dan {pa-aghi}. Fungsi afiks adalah mengubah kelas kata menjadi kelas kata lainnya, dan makna afiks akan terbentuk sesuai dengan bentuk dasar yang melekatinya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa terdapat hasil temuan baru pada konfiks {a-aghi}, {e-aghi}, dan {pa-aghi}. Hal ini terbutki bahwa adanya konfiks tersebut dalam hasil penelitian pustaka atau tuturan sehari-hari yang diperoleh dari penutur bahasa Madura dialek Sumenep.

This research aims to (1) inventories Javanessee traditional food in Bantul traditional market, (2) describes the name of traditional food as offerings which is related with Javanesee philosophy in Javanessee tradition. It employed the survey technique, it used ethnolinguistic approach. The data sources were collected from 27 traditional markets in Bantul. There were 45 kinds of jajan pasar in traditional market in Bantul region. The food were made from cassava, rice, corn, and lour. The coocking techniques were fried, boiled, steam and roasted. There were food made from peanut and tuber. The food used for offerings were ketan, kolak, apem, jenang, peyek, kacang-kacangan, pala kependhem, jadah, wajik and lemper