Instead of culturing tiger shrimp that is frequently burdened by mass mortality, whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is then considered as an alternative commodity in Indonesian brackishwater ponds. To prevent the whiteleg shrimp from diseases, different probiotic bacteria were tested in completely randomized design experiment using nine 250 m2 experimental ponds stocked with 10 PLs of whiteleg shrimp fry/m2. Three treatments were applied, namely A) alternate use of probiotic bacteria RICA-1, RICA-2, RICA-3; B) alternate use of probiotic bacteria RICA-4, RICA-5, RICA-3, and C) control (without probiotic bacteria); each with three replications. After 11-week application, the results showed that the best survival rate of whiteleg shrimp was achieved by treatment B 98.83%) and the best production was achieved by treatment A (23.52 kg/250 m2). However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among the three treatments tested for the shrimp survival rate. The whiteleg shrimp production in treatment A and B were signicantly better (P<0.05) than that in treatment C (control). These high shrimp production in treatment A and B were mainly caused by the capability of the applied probiotics in controlling some water quality variables and Vibrio numbers.

Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 16 minggu bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi bakteri probiotik berbeda terhadap sintasan dan produksi udang windu di tambak semi-intensif dengan padat penebaran tokolan 10 ekor/m2. Tiga kombinasi bakteri probiotik yang diuji adalah: A) Kombinasi bakteri probiotik A (BL542+ MR55+BT951); B) Pergiliran bakteri probiotik BL542 pada bulan I, MR55 bulan II, BT951 bulan III, dan BL542 bulan IV; dan (C) Pergiliran bakteri probiotik BT951 pada bulan I, MY1112 bulan II, BL542 bulan III, dan BT951 bulan IV. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian menggunakan 9 petak tambak di Instalasi Tambak Percobaan (ITP) Marana, Maros yang berukuran 25 m x 10 m, yang masing-masing diaerasi dengan blower supercharge. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa sintasan dan produksi udang windu tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan probiotik C (76,6% dan 484,5 kg/ha), diikuti perlakuan probiotik B (56,2% dan 440,0 kg/ha), dan probiotik A (58,8% dan 320,8 kg/ha), namun secara statistik ketiga perlakuan ini berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05). Relatif tingginya sintasan udang windu pada penelitian ini terkait dengan kemampuan bakteri probiotik dalam menekan jumlah bakteri Vibrio spp., kandungan Total Ammonium Nitrogen (TAN) dan nitrit-nitrogen air tambak.

ABSTRAKSerangan Vibriosis, yang disebabkan oleh Vibrio harveyi berpendar pada budidaya udang telah menyebabkan penurunan yang signifikan dalam produksi, baik pada pembenihan maupun di tambak pembesaran. Pengembangan metode deteksi cepat berbasis PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) sangat penting untuk mencegah penularan vibriosis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan metode cepat deteksi vibriosis pada udang penaeid dengan menggunakan penanda molekuler yang spesifik. PCR berbasis deteksi gen spesifik dilakukan menggunakan primer spesifik toxR, haemolysin (vvh), dan gyrB. Dari 35 isolat, 22 isolat yang terdeteksi memiliki gen spesifik toxR, haemolysin (vvh) dan gen gyrB dan 9 isolat terdeteksi memiliki dua gen tertentu. Penanda molekuler spesifik telah dirancang menggunakan data urutan gen penyandi protein haemolysin dan gyrase. Desain pasangan primer yang didasarkan pada program perangkat lunak dari Primer3 dan secara manual menggunakan program perangkat lunak Bioedit. Tiga pasangan primer untuk gen haemolysin dan dua primer gyrase telah diperoleh dan dipilih sebagai primer.

Several ways have been done to encounter shrimp disease affecting cultured shrimp in Indonesian ponds in the last two decades. This research was aimed to find out the effect of different application of probiotic RICA4, RICA5, and RICA3 method on survival rate and production of white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured in ponds aerated with supercharge blower. RICA probiotics are bacteria probiotics produced by the Research and Development Institute for Coastal Aquaculture, originally isolated from seaweed and sea sediment. This experiment was carried out in completely randomized design using nine 250-m2 experimental ponds stocked with 15 shrimp fries/m2. There were three treatments namely: A=alternate use of three probiotics RICA4, RICA5, and RICA3; B=combination use of three probiotics RICA4, RICA5, and RICA3; and C=control (without probiotic), each treatment with three replications and cultured with supercharge blower. Variables observed in this study were survival rate and production of the shrimp calculated at the end of experiment, total vibrio count (TBV) and total plate count of common bacteria (TPC) of the pond waters and sediments monitored every two weeks. The results showed that application of probiotic RICA4, RICA5, and RICA3 applied either in alteration or in combination significantly increased survival rate (P<0.05) but not on production (P>0.05) of the white-leg shrimp. TBV/TPC ratio in the control pond waters after 10-weeks culture (over than 10%) was relatively dangerous for the cultured white-leg shrimp. This shows that application of probiotic could prevent the growth of Vibrio spp in the cultured shrimp pond water.

To know the effectivity of powder-formed probiotics compared to the liquid-formed probiotics t-test experiment was carried out in the Marana Experimental Pond Installation of the Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros. Ten 250-m2 concrete-wall ponds with 80 cm water depth and aerated with supercharge blower were stocked with 8 pcs of tiger shrimp post larvae/m2. Treatments tested here were A) The liquid-formed of alternate use of Bacillus subtilis BM12, B. licheniformes BM58, and Brevibacillus laterosporus BT951 and B) The powder-formed of alternate use of Bacillus subtilis BM12, B. licheniformes BM58, and Brevibacillus laterosporus BT951. There were five replications in each treatment. After 67 days of culture showed that the use of powder-formed probiotics tended to be better than the use of the liquid ones, even though not significantly different (P>0.05). The average production and survival rate of powder-formed probiotics were 430.4 + 37.6 kg/ha and 72.1 + 9.8%, while those of the liquid-formed probiotics were 385.6 + 73.6 kg/ha and 66.6 + 10.8%. Both forms of probiotics could effectively maintain water quality parameters like total organic matter, NH3-N, NO2-N, and TBV/TPC ratio.