As duas leituras que hoje se fazem da terminologia consideram o termo, na ótica do prescritivismo ou com base nas teorias de variação língüística. Para alguns, o termo é a denominação de uma noção unívoca; para outros, os termos são entidades variantes, porque fazem parte de situações comunicativas distintas e funcionam na diversidade da(s) língua(s). No contexto de variedades, a gramática que rege os termos não é outra senão aquela mesma que estrutura os lexames. O que distingue termos de lexames é a semântica pragmática, por meio da qual identificamos o movimento gramatical e conceitual do termo. Um modelo de análise possível é o que parte do funcionalismo, que proporciona a criação de categorias e de tipos de variantes terminológicas em consonância com os usos.
The theory of terminology has to admit two temporal ways for the analysis of terms in the discourse: one concerns the synchronic aspect where variants present the same referential signifié, the other, which is diachronic, accounts for changes in meaning, and so permits us to reconstruct the historical development of conceptual structures. To enable us to deal with the (re)organization of the conceptual structures, we suggest that there is a dynamic word-concept relation within languages. The scope of this paper is the functional analysis of the terminology in the synchronic and diachronic axes of social discourses. Its purpose is to prove that scientific and technical as well as the popular terminologies do not belong exclusively to the synchronic axis of languages and that terminologies have their own history and contribute to the history of languages. KEYWORDS: Terminology, variation, languages in movement, synchronic and diachronic axes Relation terme-conceptEn guise de révision, il faut préciser que les termes sont des signes qui tirent leur fonctionnalité des langages de spécialité, conformément à la dynamique des langues; il s'agit d'entités qui varient, étant donné qu'elles font partie de situations communicatives distinctes; ce sont des éléments du lexique spécialisé qui connaissent des évolutions, par conséquent, il faut les analyser sur les plans synchronique et diachronique des langues (Cf. Faulstich 1995).En outre, un concept possède des caractéristiques spécifiques qui s'organisent par l'entremise de traits observables ou imaginables. Les traits regroupent
This text presents a methodological proposal to the evaluation of dictionaries ofdifferent types. We consider the evaluation procedures to be satisfactory enough in thatdictionaries are richly informative reference works which require accurate reading. Having thisin mind we made up a form with content details which usually are not met in dictionaries. Tothis end, we studied the macrostructure and the microstructure of some large dictionaries as thestarting point to create guidelines in a record format. This study started at Lexterm Center in1995 and continuous evaluations allowed us to improve it. Though not regarded as a definitivemodel, we recognized the proposal validity considering the number of works already analyzed;
Résumé Dans cet article, nous analyserons, d'un point de vue théorique, les spécificités linguistiques de la LEXICOLOGIE et de la TERMINOLOGIE, ainsi que certains príncipes qui délimitent la nature épistémologique du LEXEME et du TERME. D'un autre côté, d'un point de vue pratique, nous commenterons quelques-unes des méthodologies utilisées au cours de recherches lexicologiques et terminologiques et ensuite nous présenterons des applications pratiques. Pour synthétiser notre pensée, nous adopterons le processus suivant : 1. examen des principes qui régissent l'évaluation bipartite de l'unité lexicale; 2. analyse de la genèse linguistique du lexeme et du terme ; 3. réflexion sur la nature épistémologique du lexeme et du terme ; 4. commentaires généraux sur les méthodes de travail de la lexicologie et de la terminologie ; 5. application pratique.
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