The integration between the three levels of chemical representations is needed by students to get a comprehensive understanding. Based on the preliminary study only 45.5% out of 120 year 2 and year 3 students of chemistry education who passed the final exam with satisfactory category. Thus, teaching resources that integrate the three levels of chemical representation are needed. The aim of this study is to develop and determine the level of validity of e-module utilizing multiple representations of molecular shapes based on VSEPR theory using augmented reality technology. This research employs research and development refers to the instructional design of the ADDIE model consist of 5 stages: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implementation and Evaluation. The products of this research are the e-module of molecular shapes based on VSEPR theory utilizing multiple representations and Augmented Reality Molecule Simulator (ARMOR) application. The resources presented 13 types of molecular shapes, molecules with lone pair and without lone pair of electrons around the central atom. The instrument used in this study is the validity questionnaire sheet. Data collected were then analyzed using the percentage criteria proposed by Akbar. The results of the experts’ validation indicated that the product is categorized as very valid with 94% of content validity, 93% of media validity, and 99% of language validity. Therefore, the ARMOR is suitable for use in teaching and learning process. Students show a positive response to the use of the application in helping them understand concepts, which are easy to use, has an attractive appearance, and fun.
Cytotoxic activities of extracts of Pycnarrhena cauliflora leaves, stems and roots on some human cancer cells have been known. However, the cytotoxicity of stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora on human breast cancer cell line T47D through an apoptosis induction has not been proven yet. This study was an effort in understanding the cytotoxic activity of stem of Pycnarrhena cauliflora through apoptosis induction. The crude ethanol extract was partitioned between n-hexane and dichloromethane at pH 3, 7 and 9, which was subsequently tested for their cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cell line T47D by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Flow cytometric analysis with Annexin V-FLUOS/ propidium iodide (PI) double staining was used for apoptosis analysis. The dichloromethane fraction at pH 7 was considered the most potent with an IC 50 value of 59.30 µg/mL and induced apoptosis on the T47D cell line. The result indicated the potential of dichloromethane fraction of the stem of P.cauliflora as a source of bioactive compounds and provided a basis of further studies to isolate a new anticancer compound.
Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik berbasis Predict-Observe-Explain pada sub materi pergeseran kesetimbangan dan menentukan kelayakan LKPD tersebut berdasarkan penilaian para ahli dan respon peserta didik. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (RD) dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yang telah dibatasi menjadi model ADD, yaitu Analysis, Design, dan Develop tanpa melakukan tahap Implement dan Evaluate. Subjek penelitian adalah LKPD dan subjek responden adalah peserta didik kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Raya. Alat pengumpul data dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar validasi kelayakan LKPD dan angket respon peserta didik. Hasil validasi pada penilaian kelayakan materi, bahasa, dan penyajian dianalisis dengan rumus CVI memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 1 yang menunjukkan bahwa LKPD berbasis Predict-Observe-Explain berada dalam kategori validitas sangat tinggi. Hasil uji angket respon peserta didik diperoleh rata-rata persentase sebesar 76.03% yang menunjukkan bahwa respon peserta didik terhadap LKPD berada dalam kriteria baik. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPD berbasis Predict-Observe-Explain sangat layak dan baik digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk mendukung proses pembelajaran kimia pada sub materi pergeseran kesetimbangan.
Penelitian ini didasari dari hasil wawancara dengan guru dan peserta didik pada salah satu sekolah di Pontianak yakni peserta didik merasa bosan terhadap video ajar yang kurang menarik dan video yang digunakan tidak menyajikan konsep abstrak secara nyata seperti pada eksperimen tabung sinar katoda dan eksperimen hamburan sinar alfa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan video animasi yang valid pada materi perkembangan model atom dan mengetahui respon guru terhadap media video animasi pada materi perkembangan model atom sebagai media pembelajaran yang akan digunakan. Penelitian yang dilakukan termasuk dalam penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model ADDIE dengan langkah yakni analyze (analisis), design (desain), develop (pengembangan) dan evaluate (evaluasi) yang hanya dilakukan sampai tahap pengembangan saja. Hasil dari validasi materi dan validasi media masing-masing memperoleh hasil rata-rata persentase sebesar 93% termasuk kategori sangat valid. Uji respon guru mendapatkan respon yang sangat baik karena memperoleh rata-rata persentase sebesar 90% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil validasi materi dan validasi media serta respon guru dalam penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan media video animasi pada materi perkembangan model atom layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
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