Background/purposeCaffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an antioxidant which is decreases the bone resorption and enhances the bone healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of administering systemic CAPE on alveolar bone loss in rats with experimental periodontitis.Materials and methodsThirty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, endotoxin-induced periodontitis (EP), and EP treated with CAPE (EP-CAPE). Endotoxin was injected into the gingiva of test rats on days 1, 3, and 5, whereas saline was injected into the control rats. The EP-CAPE group received 10 mmol/kg/day CAPE intraperitoneally for 28 consecutive days. Saline was given in the control and EP groups in the same manner. At the end of the study, intracardiac blood samples were obtained, and the rats were sacrificed. Alveolar bone loss was analyzed with histometric measurements. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was used to evaluate the oxidative stress. The receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) level was analyzed stereologically.ResultsCAPE administration significantly decreased the serum OSI and interleukin-1β levels. Alveolar bone loss was statistically higher in the EP group compared with the EP-CAPE group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analyses of the RANKL were significantly lower in the EP-CAPE group than in the EP group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis experimental study revealed that CAPE administration significantly prevented alveolar bone loss and stimulated periodontal tissue healing.

BackgroundIn this study we examined the effects of two different repeated Extracorporeal Shock Waves (ESW) on the consolidation period of the distraction osteogenesis (DO) of the rabbit mandible using stereological, radiological and immunohistochemical methods.Material and MethodsDO was performed unilaterally in the mandible of 18 New Zealand rabbits (six months old, weighing between 2.5-3 kg). In the consolidation period, rabbits were divided into three groups randomly after the distraction period. The distraction zone of the mandible was received no treatment as controls (E0*2). Group 2 (E 500*2) received ESWT (twice 500 impulses at 14 kV and 0.19 mJ/mm2 energy) in the first and fourth days of the consolidation. Group 3 (E1000*2) treated with ESWT (twice 1000 impulses at 14 kV and 0.19 mJ/mm2 energy) in the first and fourth days of the consolidation period. After the sacrification, radiologically bone mineral density, new bone formation, new fibrous tissue and new vessel formation were analyzed by stereological.ResultsIt was found a statistically significant difference between the study groups and control group in the bone mineral density measurements and the highest value was in the E1000*2 group. In the stereological analysis, new bone formation was highest in the E1000*2 group and there was a significant difference compared to the other groups (E0*2 and E500*2) (p=0.000). The lowest connective tissue volume was found in the E500*2 and there was a significant difference compared to the other groups (E0*2 and E1000*2) (p=0.000). The volume of the new vessel was highest in the E500*2 and lowest in the E0*2 group. It was found statistically significant difference between the values of the study and control groups.ConclusionsInterestingly, we found that repetition of the 1000 impulses ESWT accelerated the consolidation, 500 impulses ESWT extended consolidation period of the DO. Key words:Distraction osteogenesis, extracorporeal shock waves, stereology, rabbit.

Background The aim of this study is to review the incidence of mandibular fractures in the Black Sea Region of Turkey and to present our treatment protocol. Material and Methods Data were collected regarding age, sex, etiology, time distribution, site of the fracture and the associated injuries and evaluated. These patients were treated at Ondokuz Mayıs University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery between 2003 and 2010. Data were collected from patient files in the archive and were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Results A total of 82 patients with 133 mandibular fractures were included in this study. After the follow up period of the patients, the results were achieved from 58 (70.7%) males and 24 (29.3%) females, whose ages ranged from 5 to 72 years and the mean age was 29. Fractures were most seen in 2008 and the busiest month was August. Falls (40.2%) were the major causes of mandibular fractures followed by traffic accidents and violence. The mandibular anatomical sites of higher fracture incidence were: condyle (34.6%), body and symphysis. The number of the fractures and injuries which were seen in other places such as zygomatic arch, alveolar process, tongue, upper and lower lips, orbita, arms was 14. 53 (64.6%) patients were treated by closed reduction, whereas 13 (15.8%) patients were treated by open reduction. Conclusions We concluded that our results were widely similar with the studies in developing countries. Socio-economic factors, cultures, geographic conditions and education could affect the etiology of the mandibular fractures and cause different results between the studies conducted in different countries. Key words:Mandibular fractures, etiology, trauma, treatment, complication.

We evaluated the effect of propolis on new bone formation after distraction osteogenesis (DO). This study examined 3 groups: control group, P100, and P200. Rabbits underwent DO of the left mandible after an osteotomy between the first molar and the mental foramen. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density were evaluated using dual-energy x-ray absorption 1 and 4 weeks after the procedure. The volume of connective tissue and new bone and the number of capillaries were measured using stereologic analysis after the subjects were killed. Dual-energy x-ray absorption showed that the bone mineral content and bone mineral density were higher in the groups treated with propolis by week 4, and these parameters were higher in the P200 group. Stereologic analysis showed no significant differences in connective tissue volume and number of capillaries among the groups. New bone volume was lowest in the P200 group. We concluded that propolis accelerates bone formation and may shorten the consolidation phase with DO.

This study determined the effect of electrohydraulic extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on the healing of mandible defects repaired using particulate allogenic bone grafts. This study included 20 male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks. In all the animals, a critical-sized defect of 4-mm diameter was created in the mandible and the defect area was filled with particulate allograft. Next, the rats were divided into 2 groups, allograft (G) (n = 10) and allograft + ESWT (GE) (n = 10). On days 3, 5, and 7 after the grafting, rats in the GE group received ESWT involving 200 pulses with an energy flux density of 0.19 mJ/mm2. Five rats in each group were sacrificed at the end of week 4 and at the end of week 8. Defect areas were examined radiologically by performing high-resolution computed tomography and stereologically by using the Cavalieri method. Obtained data were compared by performing statistical analysis. Radiological evaluation showed that bone density was higher in rats in the G group than in those in the GE group at week 4. In contrast, bone density was higher in rats in the GE group than in those in the G group at week 8. Stereological examination showed that new bone, connective tissue, and capillary volumes were higher in rats in the GE group than in those in the G group at both weeks 4 and 8. The authors’ results indicate that repeated doses of ESWT accelerate the healing of bone defects repaired using allogenic bone grafts.