Effect of Electrohydraulic Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on the Repair of Bone Defects Grafted With Particulate Allografts

Abstract

This study determined the effect of electrohydraulic extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on the healing of mandible defects repaired using particulate allogenic bone grafts. This study included 20 male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks. In all the animals, a critical-sized defect of 4-mm diameter was created in the mandible and the defect area was filled with particulate allograft. Next, the rats were divided into 2 groups, allograft (G) (n = 10) and allograft + ESWT (GE) (n = 10). On days 3, 5, and 7 after the grafting, rats in the GE group received ESWT involving 200 pulses with an energy flux density of 0.19 mJ/mm2. Five rats in each group were sacrificed at the end of week 4 and at the end of week 8. Defect areas were examined radiologically by performing high-resolution computed tomography and stereologically by using the Cavalieri method. Obtained data were compared by performing statistical analysis. Radiological evaluation showed that bone density was higher in rats in the G group than in those in the GE group at week 4. In contrast, bone density was higher in rats in the GE group than in those in the G group at week 8. Stereological examination showed that new bone, connective tissue, and capillary volumes were higher in rats in the GE group than in those in the G group at both weeks 4 and 8. The authors’ results indicate that repeated doses of ESWT accelerate the healing of bone defects repaired using allogenic bone grafts.

Evaluation of the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on the healing of bone calvarial defects in ovariectomized rats

“…Additionally, the existence of osteoprogenitor cells in the defect area directly influences bone regeneration. Moreover, when these cells are triggered by growth factors and have adequate vascularization, bone regeneration occurs robustly [7,39]. rhBMP is a kind of TGF-β and was used to enhance new bone formation in the present study.…”

“…A critical-size bone defect is defined as an intraosseous wound that will not heal itself completely without intervention [40,41]. In the present study, as in previous studies, the size of the critical-size defect was selected as 4 mm [7,29]. Although it is difficult to compare human biology and animal biology, rats are frequently used to ensure the reproducibility of experiments and for studies that seek to attain a 'proof of principle' [18,42].…”

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy as Therapeutic Intervention: a Narrative Review

“…The shock wave generators currently used in intensive ESWT equipment are classified into three types: electrohydraulic type, which is the most commonly used method; electromagnetic type; and piezoelectric type. The electrohydraulic shock wave therapy device used in the medical field generates shock waves with electrical sparks between the electrodes caused by high voltage to pointed electrodes facing each other in water at short distances [13]. The electrohydraulic extracorporeal shock wave therapy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy as Therapeutic Intervention: a Narrative Review…”

Determination of critical-sized defect of mandible in a rabbit model: Micro-computed tomography, and histological evaluation

“…Many factors contribute to the choice of an animal experimental model for testing bone regeneration strategies [ 7 ]. For mandibular bone regeneration, animal models are generally divided into small (including mice [ 8 ], rats [ [9] , [10] , [11] ], and rabbits [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ]) and large (including dogs [ [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ], goats [ 22 , 23 ], pigs [ 24 , 25 ], and monkeys [ 26 ]) animal models. Animal models usually differ in their mandibular CSDs.…”