Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of empowerment on nursing performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention in hospital nurses. Method: The subjects were 345 nurses at a general hospital in D city. Data were collected by structured questionnaire from January 10 to February 15, 2009. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression by SPSS win 17.0 program. Results: The mean scores were 3.60(±.43) of empowerment, 3.80(±.38) of nursing performance, 3.49(±.55) of job satisfaction, 4.70(±.74) of organizational commitment, and 2.34(±.84) of turnover intention. Empowerment was correlated with nursing performance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment positively, but correlated with turnover intention negatively. As a result of multiple regression, empowerment has 34.3% of the explanatory power on nursing performance, 24.0% on job satisfaction, 30.7% on organizational commitment, and 15.6% on turnover intention. Conclusion: Empowerment was a critical variable affecting nursing job performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover. Also, if various variable -active and adequate child-care support system, provided conditions continue to study, and adequate and appropriate compensation for nursing performance -affecting empowerment are managed, nurses' empowerment level will rise at the same time.

using in-depth interview technique. Krippendorff's content analysis method was utilized for data analysis. Results: Eight categories and 26 themes were extracted from the data which illustrated the lived distress of the patients with ostomy. The categories were "do not have any freedom to eat whatever I wish to eat", "uncontrolled defecation", "have to live through tough situation", "keep stoma in suspense", "disgusting ostomy", "can not live with comfort", "easily take a pessimistic view", and "see how the wind blows in daily family life". Conclusion: Ostomates were affected by the distress of having an ostomy in their physical, psychological, social and spiritual life. Individualized and continued nursing education program has to be developed in hospital and community settings in order to improve the quality of life of the ostomates. Key Words: Ostomy, Distress

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet intervention in breast cancer patients through meta-analysis. Methods: For the study purpose, 18 studies were selected using PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and CINAHL. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model, and the effect size on outcome variables in breast cancer were calculated. Results: The effect size for body mass index, body weight, energy intake from fat (%), and energy intake of diet intervention was -0.75 (95% CI:-1.22~-0.27), -0.93 (95% CI:-1.58~-0.28), -0.82 (95% CI:-1.11~-0.52), and -1.10 (95% CI:-1.85~-0.34). For heterogeneity, moderator analysis was performed using intervention type and intervention duration. As a result of the moderator analysis, BMI, body weight, energy intake from fat (%), and energy intake were not statistically significant on intervention type and intervention duration. But, only BMI had a significant difference on intervention duration (p=.013). Conclusion: Further research is needed to determine whether exercise intervention will be included in nutritional intervention for breast cancer patients. Also, even if the duration of the intervention is less than six months, a strategy for sustaining long-term intervention effects will be needed. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

연구의 필요성유방암의Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smart health care service in the breast cancer patients through a systematic review. Methods: For the study, 10 studies were selected by using PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL, RISS4U, KISS, DBpia and the National Assembly Library. The Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used by two reviewers to evaluate independently the quality of the selected articles. Results: 10 studies for the analysis of the effect of smart health care service using mobile applications on breast cancer patients since 2000 were found. The purpose of mobile based intervention was to check whether post-operative outpatient follow up could be substituted with mobile apps to measure and monitor weight loss or weight management, sleep, mood, depression and mental state, exercise, uncertainty management and feedback. Conclusion: Although mobile research is still limited, it may be sufficient to monitor the symptoms of breast cancer patients and to provide dietary and exercise interventions. This study suggests that various mobile apps can be used for breast cancer patients in various situations. Future study is recommended for repeated intervention studies on the effect of apps. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Key Words: Breast Neoplasms, Mobile Applications