Основными компонентами комплексов полярных липидов, выделенных из вторичных продуктов пере- работкимасложирового сырья, являются фосфолипиды и гликолипиды. Гликолипиды выделяют из соевого лецитина методом твердофазной экстракции. Однако такой метод может быть реализован только в лабораторном масштабе. Для разработки способа, который позволил быпроизводить гликолипиды в промышленном масштабе, нами предло- жена стратегия выделения гликолипидов из фосфатидных концентратов путем ферментативного воздействия. Цель настоящих исследований – поиск оптимальных условий для ферментативнойдеструкции молекул фосфолипидов с использованием фосфолипаз А1 (PLA1) и А2 (PLA2). В качестве объектов исследований были подсолнечные, со- евые и рапсовые фосфатидные концентраты, выработанные на масложировых предприятиях России и обезжирен- ныев лабораторных условиях, и высокоочищенные стандартизированные фосфолипазы PLA1S и PLA2S производст- ва Sigma-Aldrich и промышленно производимые фосфолипазы PLA1N Lecitaza Ultra (Novozymes) и PLA2M Maxapal (DSN). Ферментативный гидролиз проводили при различных способах внесения фосфолипаз в реакционную среду: последовательно (сначала PLA1 – через 3 ч PLA2;сначала PLA2 – через 3 ч PLA1) и одновременно. Установлено, что максимальная степень гидролиза (67%) наблюдается приодновременном внесении фосфолипаз в реакционную среду. Показано, что вид сырья, из которого получены фосфатидные концентраты, иизменение рН реакционной среды в диа- пазоне 5,4–7,8 не оказывают влияния на процесс ферментативного гидролиза. Использованиеацетона в качестве селек- тивного растворителя позволяет удалить гидролизованные жирные кислоты из гидролизата с эффективностью 98%. The main components of polar lipid complexes isolated from secondary products of processing of fat-and-oil raw materials are phospholipids and glycolipids. Glycolipids are isolated from soy lecithin by solid-phase extraction. However, such a method can only be implementedon a laboratory scale. To develop a method that would allow the production of glycolipids on an industrial scale, we proposed a strategy for theisolation of glycolipids from phosphatide concentrates by enzymatic action. The purpose of these studies is to search for optimal conditions for theenzymatic destruction of phospholipid molecules using phospholipases A1 (PLA1) and A2 (PLA2). The objects of research were sunflower, soy and rapeseed phosphatide concentrates produced at fat-and-oil enterprises in Russia and fat-free in laboratory conditions, and highly purified standardized phospholipases PLA1S and PLA2S produced by Sigma-Aldrich and industrially produced phospholipases PLA1N Lecitaza Ultra (Novozymes) andPLA2M Maxapal (DSN). Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using various methods of introducing phospholipases into the reaction medium:sequentially (first PLA1 – after 3 hours PLA2; first PLA2 – after 3 hours PLA1) and simultaneously. It was found that the maximum degree ofhydrolysis (67%) is observed with simultaneous introduction of phospholipases into the reaction medium. It is shown that the type of raw materialsfrom which phosphatide concentrates are obtained and the change in the pH of the reaction medium in the range of 5,4–7,8 do not affect the processof enzymatic hydrolysis. The use of acetone as a selective solvent makes it possible to remove hydrolyzed fatty acids from the hydrolysate with an efficiency of 98%.

The seed shell of soybeans performs a protective function and participates in the vital processes of the seed. Soybean seeds are characterized by a unique chemical composition. The priority direction in the development of technologies for the production of foodstuffs from soybeans is the control of the quality indicators of their seeds shells. The use of a spectrofluorimeter and an IR-Fourier spectrometer allows you to study the coating material of soybean quickly and without destruction. For the purposes of comparative spectral characterization, studies were carried out on the soybean seed envelope of the untreated and treated modifier mixture. Main characteristics of luminescence excitation spectrum are determined including recording wavelength, excitation spectrum region, excitation wavelength intensity. Parameters glow attenuation are revealed by spectral-kinetic studies of phosphorescence of soybean seeds shell. IR spectroscopic analysis of milled and whole soybean seeds, as well as modifiers, allows us to interpret groupings that have characteristic oscillation frequencies. The main spectral characteristics of the soybean seed shell are determined, including wave numbers, incident radiation wavelength, transmission, and oscillation character. Modifiers adsorbed on surface of soybean seed shell are identified. The type of adsorption of the modifier shell is defined.

The increasing production volumes of soy foods require new express methods for testing soybeans during processing and presowing. This study assessed the efficiency of spectral pre-sowing assessment methods using Vilana soybeans. The research featured soybeans of the Vilana cultivar. The control sample consisted of untreated whole soybeans while the test samples included soybeans pretreated with various modifiers. The methods involved spectrofluorimetry and IR-Fourier spectrometry. A wide emission band at 400–550 nm corresponded to the fluorescence of the soybean testa. The band at 560–610 nm indicated the presence of such modifiers as Imidor insecticide and Deposit fungicide. The luminescence spectrum of the untreated soybean testa was maximal at 441 nm. The luminescence spectrum of the treated soybean samples was maximal at 446.5 and 585 nm when the excitation wavelength was 362 nm. The fluorescence was studied both spectrally and kinetically to establish the maximal luminescence time and the typical vibration frequencies. The spectral studies of Vilana soybeans before and after treatment revealed which modifiers were adsorbed on the palisade epidermis and defined the type of interaction between the modifier and the soybean. The spectrofluorimetry and IR spectroscopy proved able to provide a reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis of Vilana soybean surface.