Wood vinegar is a brown liquid by-product obtained from the carbonization process. Wood vinegar could limit the usage of wood vinegar as pesticide in acidic soil because of its acidity. This study aimed to determine the main organic and inorganic components in neutralized durian wood vinegar. Wood vinegar was made by pyrolisis of durian wood in the absence of oxygen with a temperature of 350, 450, and 550 °C for 2 hours. Before being analyzed, wood vinegar was neutralized with NaOH 25% to formulate the new friendly pesticide in an agricultural field. Characterization for acidity was by pH meter; organic compounds were using GC-MS; inorganic compounds were using AAS. The result showed that both neutralized wood vinegar and acidic wood vinegar indicated groups of organic acids, phenol and carbonyl compounds, which were suspected as pesticides. The predominant component in acidic wood vinegar was guaiacol, while in neutralized wood vinegar was pyrocatechol. Both acidic and neutralized wood vinegar indicatively contained main inorganic elements such as sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc that could serve as a natural pesticide. Based on the analysis result of inorganic elements, there were significant differences between acidic and neutralized wood vinegar except for Ca.

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ABSTRAKTumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp) merupakan salah satu diantara dari tumbuhan hutan yang memiliki banyak manfaat. Kandungan bahan aktif yang ada di dalam tumbuhan ini telah terbukti bermanfaat bagi tubuh. Penelitian formulasi produk olahan dari sarang semut asal Kalimantan Selatan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi produk olahan dari tumbuhan sarang semut. Metodologi penelitian meliputi pengolahan sarang semut, pengujian fitokimia, pembuatan formulasi, pembuatan permen, pengujian sesuai SNI dan uji organoleptik. Berdasarkan pengujian fitokimia, tumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp) memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif seperti saponin, alkaloid, tanin, fenolik, flavonoid, triterfenoid dan glikosida. Berdasarkan uji organoleptik, formulasi permen sarang semut yang paling disukai yaitu formulasi gula, glukosa, madu dan mint, serta kandungan ekstrak sarang semut sebanyak 25%. Berdasarkan SNI 357.1:2008 tentang kembang gula keras, formulasi permen sarang semut yang dibuat memenuhi persyaratan yang ditentukan.Kata kunci : sarang semut, ekstraksi, senyawa aktif, formulasi, permen ABSTRACT Ant plant (Myrmecodia sp) is one of the many forest products that has a lot of benefits. Active compounds in this plant

Biochar addition can be used to overcome the problem of acid sulphate soil. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of biochar dose on plant height and corn yield in acid sulphate soils. Durian wood waste and corn cob biochar used in this study was pyrolyzed for 2 hours at 550 °C temperature and grinded until around 0.4-1.0 mm. The experiment was conducted in a screen house at the Indonesian Swampland Agriculture Research Institute. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design consisting of six doses of biochar treatment of with 3 replications. The total of 18 experimental pots was obtained with the following details: B1 0 t/ha, B2 4 t/ha, B3 8 t/ha, B4 12 t/ha, B5 16 t/ha and B6 20 t ha. Biochar treatment significantly affect plant height age of 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th weeks. The longer the age, the higher the corn plant height. The corn cob length, corn cob diameter, dry weight of seed, and the dry water content significantly different in all treatments. The biochar dose significantly affected the corn yields. The best treatment of biochar in acid sulphate soil was obtained in 12 t ha-1.

Organic matter in the soil can provide nutrients to plants. The objectives of this study were to analyze soil characteristics after incubation using biochar at various doses, and to calculate the reduction of methane gas emissions from incubated soils. The treatments were (1) soil control (T0);(2) 4 t ha -1 biochar + soil (T1); (3) 8 t ha -1 biochar + soil (T2); (4) 12 t ha -1 biochar + soil (T3); (5) 16 t ha -1 biochar + soil (T4); (6) 20 t ha -1 biochar + soil (T5). The soil of each treatment was incubated for 30, 60, and 90 days. Observations were made on pH, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Methane gas emissions were measured at 30, 60, and 90 days after planting. The percentage increase in incubation soil pH for 30 days was 3.13-48.71%, 60 days was 3.06-21.26%, and 90 days was 0.41-28.26%. CEC also increased from 28.83 to 37.46 me 100 g -1 (29.95%) at 30 days, 27.63-36.16 me 100 g -1 (30.86%) at 60 days, and 26.07-35.01 me 100 g -1 (34.28%) at 90 days. Exchangeable Ca, and Mg was not significantly different for all biochar doses and incubation times. The reduction in methane gas emissions ranged from 9.57-18.08% (30 days); 33.13-35.23% (60 days); and 46.08-73.25% (90 days).