Introduction and purpose. Idiopathic macular hole (IMH) is an urgent medical and social problem of the population of developed countries. It is known that microinvasive 3-port vitrectomy with gas-air tamponade is a generally accepted method of surgical treatment of IMH. There is still no clear understanding of the reasons for incomplete functional success in this category of patients, despite the anatomical success. Thus, there is a need to develop and implement in clinical practice a modification of the ILM peeling technique for the treatment of small and medium-diameter of IMH, which would not be inferior in anatomical effectiveness to existing methods and would be accompanied by a less damaging effect on the structures of the retina. Material and methods. The study included 10 patients with a diagnosis of IMH, who underwent a 3-port microinvasive 25G vitrectomy with the preservation of foveal ILM. Results. The analysis of the clinical and functional results of surgical treatment of IMH with the foveal fragment left revealed the complete closure of the macular tear, the absence of gross defects of the ellipsoid zone, an increase in the values of the average visual acuity and microperimetry from the 1st month of dynamic observation. Conclusion. Thus, the proposed low-traumatic method of treating IMH with the preservation of foveal ILM provides a stable anatomical and functional result, the restoration of both morphological and functional parameters, and minimizes the mechanical impact on the retina in the fovea zone. Key words: macular rupture, internal limiting membrane, chromovitrectomy.

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Diabetic macular edema (DME) continues to be an important problem of modern ophthalmology and endocrinology. Therisk of edema is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes. Thus, this is the main cause of irreversible vision loss in these patients. DME is one of the prognostically unfavorable and difficult to treat manifestations of diabetic retinopathy. As themain cause of vision loss in diabetic patients, diabetic macular edema is often not diagnosed immediately, which causes difficulties in the treatment of pathology. Thus, early diagnosis and timely treatment of this disease is the key to successfully counteract the uncontrolled decline in the patients visual functions. In this article, the team of authors highlighted the possibilities of informative instrumental research methods available in the Arsenal of modern ophthalmological services. Based on the analysis of modern literature, the main principles of these diagnostic methods were indicated, their key capabilities and limitations compared to each other were highlighted. Knowledge of these characteristics is, in our opinion, an integral and most important tool in the Arsenal of a practicing ophthalmologist who supervises patients with this pathology.